The article reviews the latest available statistical information on gender inequalities in labor markets and in access to financial institutions, social services, and education.
In 2016, Uzbekistan celebrated twenty-five years of independence. Although government prioritized investment in agriculture sector, the social policy emphasized strongly institutional and organizational changes. As a result, women are mostly excluded from reforms’ benefits. This paper provides a critical literature review that addresses how international gender measurement indicators and methodologies help in understanding women’s empowerment and opportunities in the agriculture sector of post-Soviet Uzbekistan.
Tajikistan’s population is predominantly rural and largely dependent on agriculture. Agriculture accounts for a quarter of Tajikistan’s gross domestic product and export revenues, 39% of tax revenues, and half of total employment. Given the widespread migration of male Tajik workers overseas, women constitute the majority of employees (accounting for 53% of the economically active population in agriculture). Arable land is in short supply at 0.15 hectares (ha) per capita (rising to 0.20 ha per capita for the rural population).
This paper provides a brief synthesis of research conducted on gender in irrigation, and the tools and frameworks used in the past to promote improvement for women in on-farm agricultural water management. It then presents results from the pilot of the Gender in Irrigation Learning and Improvement Tool (GILIT) in locations in Malawi and Uzbekistan in 2015.
For rural women and men, land is often the most important household asset for supporting agricultural production and providing food security and nutrition. Evidence shows that secure land tenure is strongly associated with higher levels of investment and productivity in agriculture – and therefore with higher incomes and greater economic wellbeing. Secure land rights for women are often correlated with better outcomes for them and their families, including greater bargaining power at household and community levels, better child nutrition and lower levels of gender-based violence.
The present Land Code regulates land relations and is aimed at the creation of conditions for rational land tenure and soil conservation, reproduction of soil fertility, conservation and improvement of environment for the purpose of the equal development of all forms of economic activity. Land is the property of the state. Citizens have the right to allocation of a plot of land terms and conditions of which shall be determined by the present Act (art. 2).
Article 5 of the Law No. 214-1 on peasant farm acquires a new wording: «The plot of land of a peasant farm shall be inherited according to the modalities envisaged by the national legislation». Article 6 of the same Act acquires a new wording: «The plots of land for farming shall be allotted to the citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan on condition of ownership or on condition of temporary charged lease for the period up to 49 years and for seasonal grazing on condition of temporary land tenure free of charge».
Amends: Law No. 214-1 on peasant farm. (1998-03-31)
Involvement of arable land in agriculture is one of the most important tasks of the agricultural institutions that shall contribute to rising up agricultural production. The Government decrees to validate the Regulation on organization of dehkan farms and the Regulation on the formation and concession of special land stock. Regulation on organization of dehkan farms establishes that dehkan farms shall be set up on lands of special land stocks by executive committees of the local Councils of people’s deputies, and also on lands of kolkhozes, sovkhozes and other agricultural enterprises.
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