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Development has fragmented urban nature, and target sites for conservation strategies need to be those that have long maintained their original land cover in a clustered area. Additionally, continuously grasping changes from rural to urban as well as changes over decades after urbanization is essential. Therefore, this study identified and investigated natural patches in urban landscapes, clarified actual management practices in the identified patches, and traced changes in land ownership and land cover during the past 130 years in the Tsukuba Science City, Japan.
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Japan's forest industry operates in mountainous regions rather than hilly areas. The forest road density is also low, and it is not easy to develop new roads and maintain them. Therefore, the work of moving about and transporting heavy loads over irregular mountain forest terrain far from roads is still hard labor performed by humans. Even today, a little technical development has been done to assist in this work.
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Here we propose an accurate and robust method for large-area land-use and land-cover (LULC) mapping using multi-temporal optical data. The conventional method for LULC classification usually uses time-series data at regular intervals to consider the seasonality of LULC. However, high-resolution optical data have considerable seasonal biases, making it difficult to use time-series data.
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In this study, we compared pixel-based image analysis and object-based image analysis (OBIA) as methods of land cover classification of urban areas, using high resolution digital aerial photography. The study area was Setagaya Ward, Tokyo, Japan, and we carried out supervised classification using aerial photographs with 25-cm spatial resolution, and with both visible bands and a near infrared band. The overall accuracy of the object-based classification was approximately 6 to 20 percentage points higher than that of the pixel-based classification.
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To understand the rainfall-runoff process and sediment delivery process in headwater catchment, hydrological observation and the monitoring of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) was conducted at a forested headwater catchment in Japanese Alps region. The study site is Nodagasawa watershed (37 ha) within Terasawayama Station, Research Forest of Shinshu University, Japan. At this catchment, notably quick rainfall-runoff response was observed as with the runoff characteristics reported in other catchment underlain by granite.
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In order to develop the original long-term cutting age management standard of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantaions in Nagasaki prefecture, site index curves and taper tables of Sugi plantations were created. 1) Site idex curves were revised up after 40-50 years on stand age, and rate of height growth was not decreased remarkably. 2) On the average relative stem curve, the determination coefficient of polynomial expression was 0.9799. 3) The new taper tables could be applied to trees whose height from 15 to 31 m and DBH from 15 to 50 cm.
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Vegetation mapping provides basic information for forest management and planning. In remote sensing research, the process of creating an accurate vegetation map is an important subject. Recently, there has been growing research interest in the object-oriented image classification techniques. The object-oriented image classification consists of multi-dimensional features including object features and thus requires multi-dimensional image classification approaches.
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Recent studies have indicated that conditions of surrounding landscape matrix around a habitat patch can influence avian community in the patch. This fact suggests the importance of the permeability of habitat boundaries for bird individuals. In this study species composition of birds in and around woodland patches and that of birds crossing over the woodland boundaries were surveyed in urban or suburban landscapes in central Japan. The results were as follows. 1) In suburban landscapes urban avoider species are not likely to cross woodland patch boundaries while urban adapter species are.
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