Studies have shown that a key factor associated with rural poverty is access to land. Yet in many parts of India there remains a huge gender gap in land ownership and control - with significant implications for women's economic and social status.
Over the last two decades, Vietnam has made significant progress in forest tenure reform, which aims to meaningfully include all relevant stakeholders in the management of forest resources. Under these reforms, forest area officially under the management of local people has expanded from almost nothing in the early 1990s to nearly 3.5 million ha (27% of the national forest area) in 2006. However, until now little is known about the extent to which such tenure reform has worked in practice and how it has affected local people’s livelihoods and wellbeing.
The paper shows that pre-colonial ecologies of agricultural systems in some parts of rural Zambia were sustainable and resilient to prevailing environmental conditions, and were therefore able to ensure relative food security, under communal land tenure. However, colonial policies of land alienation and labour migration impacted negatively on food production systems of some ethnic groups like the citemene system of the Bemba and the flood plain cultivation system of the Lozi, making them extremely vulnerable due to the absence of large numbers of males.
In this study, focus group discussions were used to design a choice modelling (CM) questionnaire to estimate community wide values for the environmental and social benefits provided by natural resource management changes in the Namoi, Lachlan and Hawkesbury-Nepean catchments.This report describes the logistics of the focus groups and outlines the main conclusions drawn from the discussions. The research team conducted eight focus groups in the main urban areas of the regions where the CM survey will be conducted (Tamworth, Cowra, Goulburn and Sydney).
This review focuses on the role of local institutions in adaptation to climate change. It does so under the belief that climate impacts will affect disadvantaged social groups more disproportionately, and that local institutions centrally influence how different social groups gain access to and are able to use assets and resources.
Conclusion: "Most relevant reports and surveys I have been able to access state essentially that people from all parts of Burma leave home either in obedience to a direct relocation order from the military or civil authorities or as a result of a process whereby coercive measures imposed by the authorities play a major role in forcing down household incomes to the point where the family cannot survive. At this point, leaving home may seem to be the only option.
Besides its natural potential, Hungarian agriculture's major current advantage is low land prices and rental fees. Economic theory suggests that as Hungarian economic performance approachesthe EU average, production costs will also become equal. Increasing land prices, generated by higherrentals fees, will mean landowners continually remove more agricultural income and Hungary’s competitiveadvantage will dwindle. Moreover, subsequent capital withdrawal will lead to weaker agriculturalinvestments.
Biofuel development in Tanzania places at stake 4 highly strategic national resources: land, water, forests and labour, and for generations to come. This alone is sufficient reason for the Tanzanian general public and rural communities in particular, to wrestle back the initiative and seek direct engagement in determining the best way forward for the nation.
Public-Private Partnerships broadly identify a spectrum of complex legal arrangements between the public and the private sector to provide goods or services within a country. The objective of the PPP is share control, risks, and rewards of a set of fixed assets between a private enterprise and a “public unit”, which is normally a national government. A common thread that runs throughout all PPPs is some degree of private participation intertwined with the provision of goods and services traditionally handled by the public domain.
The sub-decree aims to determine the rules for the use of state forest land for planting trees throughout the Kingdom of Cambodia.
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