Biological nitrogen (N2) fixation in both free-living and symbiotic organisms is an energy-requiring process dependent upon a supply of carbon and energy. In this paper the energy costs for N2 fixation and nodule respiration in symbiotic systems are compared with those of free-living N2-fixing systems, with the theoretical energy requierement for N2 fixation, and with the cost of utilization of combined N.
Better soil health can increase agricultural productivity. Restoration activities can build on-farm resilience and contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Land and soil health surveys can improve crop modeling predictions under various climate scenarios and guide more targeted interventions.
Currently, most assessments of land and soil health do not consider the social, ecological, and biophysical constraints, or acknowledge the variations in the landscape.
The IUCN data base lists several plant species whose existence is currently threatened by human activities and climatic extremes. Here we report a methodology that monitors threat status of these species in near real time, by deriving data from multiple open data sources, by linking them via a machine learning analytical framework, with interpretations facilitated by a web based geospatial visualization framework.
This report provides a synthesis on land degradation assessments conducted for two countries (Kenya and
Burkina Faso) at different scales. The task mainly involved identifying hotspot areas of degradation that require priority management interventions. The approach involves modelling, stakeholder engagement and field validation.
In the report, we refer to land degradation as the persistent loss of ecosystem function and productivity caused by disturbances from which the land cannot recover unaided.
International Non-Governmental Organizations have popularized payment for ecosystem services (PES) because of their potential to simultaneously achieve rural development and ecological conservation goals (GEF Secretariat 2014). Despite their rapid diffusion, there is insufficient assessment of their potential implications for social and economic stratification (Redford and Adams 2009). Indeed, there is growing evidence that PES may reproduce or even exacerbate existing inequalities in social development and resource access (Kosoyand Corbera2010, Porras 2010).
This policy brief aims to give an overview of land degradation hotspots in Burkina Faso and the policy options for land restoration. In this assessment, land degradation is referred to as the persistent loss of ecosystem function and productivity caused by disturbances from which the land cannot recover without human intervention (unaided). Hotspots are defined as places that experience high land degradation and if left unattended, will negatively affect both human wellbeing and the environment.
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