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Indigenous land owners of the Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory Australia have begun the first formal freshwater allocation planning process in Australia entirely within Indigenous lands and waterways. The process is managed by the Northern Territory government agency responsible for water planning, the Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport, in partnership with the Tiwi Land Council, the principal representative body for Tiwi Islanders on matters of land and water management and governance.
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Infrastructure systems and services (ISS) are vulnerable to changes in climate. This paper reports on a study of the impact of gradual climate changes on ISS in Hamilton City, New Zealand. This study is unique in that it is the first of its kind to be applied to New Zealand ISS. This study also considers a broader range of ISS than most other climate change studies recently conducted. Using historical climate data and four climate change scenarios, we modelled the impact of climate change on water supply and quality, transport, energy demand, public health and air quality.
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Ash is generated in every wildfire, but its eco-hydro-geomorphic effects remain poorly understood and quantified, especially at large spatial scales. Here we present a new method that allows modelling the spatial distribution of ash loads in the post-fire landscape, based on a severe wildfire that burnt ~13600ha of a forested water supply catchment in October 2013 (2013 Hall Road Fire, 100km south-west of Sydney, Australia). Employing an existing spectral ratio-based index, we developed a new spectral index using Landsat 8 satellite imagery: the normalised wildfire ash index (NWAI).
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It is necessary to estimate the area of afforestation and deforestation in New Zealand, since 1990, to meet reporting obligations under the Kyoto Protocol. We describe a method for national mapping of forest change that achieves high accuracy, but only requires moderate effort. A national coverage of satellite imagery is standardised, classified (automatically) for land cover, and then compared with an existing 1990 land-use map to identify polygons (>1ha) of possible forest change. Each one of these possible change polygons is checked by operators for actual or spurious change.
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In many important agricultural regions, soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks can rival the amount of carbon found in organic form. Land management practices, including irrigation, fertilization and liming, have the potential to greatly alter the soil inorganic carbon cycle thus creating an important feedback to atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. However, the current literature is less clear regarding the direction and magnitude of this feedback.
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While edge microclimates are well described for closed forests, they remain under-examined in more sparse vegetation types like the temperate woodlands of south-eastern Australia. This limits predictions of edge effects on remnant vegetation in cleared agricultural landscapes, and of changes in these effects with reforestation.
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Seven introduced deer taxa are present in New Zealand and there is interest in the dynamics of these populations. Estimating the abundance of deer is problematic, but faecal pellet counts (an index of abundance) have been conducted on New Zealand's public conservation land since the 1950s.
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Implementation of a New Zealand Emission Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) will begin in 2008, beginning withforestry, subsequently including energy and industrial emissions, and finally, agricultural GHGs from2013. Reducing agricultural emissions is a major challenge for New Zealand as they account for over halfits total GHG emissions. On the other hand, agriculture is critical to the economy, with its basic andprocessed products accounting for a third of exports. We use an environmental input-output model toanalyse direct and indirect cost impacts of emissions pricing on food and fibre sectors.
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The population in New Zealand is expected to increase to over five million by themid 2020’s from the current level of 4.3 million (Statistics New Zealand, 2009). Anincreasing demand for primary produce as a result may put pressure on marginal land tobe farmed. Understanding the economic value of avoided erosion in New Zealand istherefore an important factor in policy making to optimise the soil related activities in theeconomy. Establishing a methodology for estimating the economic value of avoided soilerosion is the first step in assessing the problem.
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1. The distribution and abundance of invasive species can be driven by both environmental variables and land management decisions. However, understanding these relationships can be complicated by interactions between management actions and environmental variability, and differences in scale among these variables. The resulting 'context-dependence' of management actions may be well-appreciated by ecologists and land managers, but can frustrate attempts to apply general management principles. 2.
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