[1] World Bank. (2021). World Bank Open Data. The World Bank: Working for a World Free of Poverty. https://data.worldbank.org/
[2] MOFA. (2021). Nepal Profile. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://mofa.gov.np/about-nepal/nepal-profile/
[3] Nepal, H., & Marasini, A. (2018). Status of Land Tenure Security in Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Geoinformatics, 17(1), 22–29.
[4] World Bank. (2021). World Bank Open Data. The World Bank: Working for a World Free of Poverty. https://data.worldbank.org/
[5] Ibid
[6] Nepal, P., Khanal, N. R., Zhang, Y., Paudel, B., & Liu, L. (2020). Land use policies in Nepal: An overview. Land Degradation & Development, 31(16), 2203–2212.
Sharma, S. R., Upreti, B. R., & Müller-Böker, U. (2013). Negotiating Access to Land in Nepal. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(3), 521–539.
[7] Bertelsmann Stiftung. (2020). BTI 2020 Country Report Nepal. Bertelsmann Stiftung. https://landportal.org/library/resources/bti-2020-country-report-nepal
[8] Displacement Solutions. (2019). Lessons learned from post-earthquake policy in Nepal: Guidance for further housing, land and property disaster and reconstruction law and policy reform. Displacement Solutions. https://landportal.org/library/resources/lessons-learned-post-earthquake-policy-nepal
[9] Nepal, H., & Marasini, A. (2018). Status of Land Tenure Security in Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Geoinformatics, 17(1), 22–29.
[10] Nepal, P., Khanal, N. R., Zhang, Y., Paudel, B., & Liu, L. (2020). Land use policies in Nepal: An overview. Land Degradation & Development, 31(16), 2203–2212.
[11] Nepal, H., & Marasini, A. (2018). Status of Land Tenure Security in Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Geoinformatics, 17(1), 22–29.
[12] Aryal, J. P., & Holden, S. T. (2011). Caste discrimination, land reforms and land market performance in Nepal. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. https://landportal.org/node/96445
[13] GLTN. (2020, February 26). New land legislation guarantees tenure security and access to land for all Nepali. Global Land Tool Network. https://landportal.org/news/2021/07/new-land-legislation-guarantees-tenure-security-and-access-land-all-nepali
[14] The Himalayan Times. (2021, February 4). EDITORIAL: Land to the landless. The Himalayan Times. https://landportal.org/news/2021/07/editorial-land-landless
[15] Sharma, S. R., Upreti, B. R., & Müller-Böker, U. (2013). Negotiating Access to Land in Nepal. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(3), 521–539.
[16] Nepal, P., Khanal, N. R., Zhang, Y., Paudel, B., & Liu, L. (2020). Land use policies in Nepal: An overview. Land Degradation & Development, 31(16), 2203–2212.
[17] Osorio, M., & Vries, L. (2018). Learnings, Experiences and Gender Sensitive Programs on Strengthening Women’s Land Rights and Gender Equitable Land Tenure. Oxfam; Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. https://landportal.org/library/resources/learnings-experiences-and-gender-sensitive-programs-strengthening-women%E2%80%99s-land
[18] USAID. (2010). Property Rights and Resource Governance: Nepal [USAID Country Profile]. USAID. https://www.landportal.org/node/40948
[19] Deuja, J., & Knight, R. (2020, December 18). Helping indigenous communities secure land rights in Nepal. International Institute for Environment and Development. https://landportal.org/blog-post/2021/07/helping-indigenous-communities-secure-land-rights-nepal
[20] USAID. (2010). Property Rights and Resource Governance: Nepal [USAID Country Profile]. USAID. https://www.landportal.org/node/40948
[21] Himalayan News Service. (2021, April 16). Government launches ‘Mero Kitta’, NELIS. The Himalayan Times. https://landportal.org/news/2021/07/government-launches-mero-kitta-nelis
[22] Bertelsmann Stiftung. (2020). BTI 2020 Country Report Nepal. Bertelsmann Stiftung. https://landportal.org/library/resources/bti-2020-country-report-nepal
[23] FAOSTAT. (2021). FAOSTAT database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
[24] World Bank. (2021). World Bank Open Data. The World Bank: Working for a World Free of Poverty. https://data.worldbank.org/
[25] Ojha, H. R., Shrestha, K. K., Subedi, Y. R., Shah, R., Nuberg, I., Heyojoo, B., Cedamon, E., Rigg, J., Tamang, S., Paudel, K. P., Malla, Y., & McManus, P. (2017). Agricultural land underutilisation in the hills of Nepal: Investigating socio-environmental pathways of change. Journal of Rural Studies, 53, 156–172.
[26] FAOSTAT. (2021). FAOSTAT database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
[27] Nepal, P., Khanal, N. R., Zhang, Y., Paudel, B., & Liu, L. (2020). Land use policies in Nepal: An overview. Land Degradation & Development, 31(16), 2203–2212.
[28] Li, A., Lei, G., Cao, X., Zhao, W., Deng, W., & Koirala, H. L. (2017). Land Cover Change and Its Driving Forces in Nepal Since 1990. In A. Li, W. Deng, & W. Zhao (Eds.), Land Cover Change and Its Eco-environmental Responses in Nepal (pp. 41–65). Springer.
RECOFTC. (2016). Country engagement strategy Nepal 2013-2018 [Text]. RECOFTC – The Center for People and Forests. https://landportal.org/library/resources/recoftc295/recoftc-country-engagement-strategy-nepal
[29] Banjade, M. R., Paudel, N. S., & Mwangi, E. (2017). Political Economy of Forest Tenure Reform Implementation in Nepal: Evolution, Contestation, Outcomes and Challenges. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 15(1), 1–14.
Gentle, P., Maraseni, T. N., Paudel, D., Dahal, G. R., Kanel, T., & Pathak, B. (2020). Effectiveness of community forest user groups (CFUGs) in responding to the 2015 earthquakes and COVID-19 in Nepal. Research in Globalization, 2, 100025.
[30] Faure, N., Venisnik, T., & Ichou, B. (2019). Communities at the heart of forest management: How can the law make a difference? ClientEarth. https://landportal.org/node/79599
[31] UN. (2020). World Urbanization Prospects 2019. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics. https://population.un.org/wpp/
[32] Nepal, H., & Marasini, A. (2018). Status of Land Tenure Security in Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Geoinformatics, 17(1), 22–29.
[33 ] USAID. (2010). Property Rights and Resource Governance: Nepal [USAID Country Profile]. USAID. https://www.landportal.org/node/40948
[34] Chalise, D., Kumar, L., & Kristiansen, P. (2019). Land Degradation by Soil Erosion in Nepal: A Review. Soil Systems, 3(1), 12.
[35] Li, A., Lei, G., Cao, X., Zhao, W., Deng, W., & Koirala, H. L. (2017). Land Cover Change and Its Driving Forces in Nepal Since 1990. In A. Li, W. Deng, & W. Zhao (Eds.), Land Cover Change and Its Eco-environmental Responses in Nepal (pp. 41–65). Springer.
[36] Nepal, P., Khanal, N. R., Zhang, Y., Paudel, B., & Liu, L. (2020). Land use policies in Nepal: An overview. Land Degradation & Development, 31(16), 2203–2212.
[37] USAID. (2010). Property Rights and Resource Governance: Nepal [USAID Country Profile]. USAID. https://www.landportal.org/node/40948
[38] Ezemenari, K. M., Joshi, N. K., Blum, F. M., Varela, G. J., & Ganz Carulla, F. (2021). Nepal Development Update: Harnessing Export Potential for a Green, Inclusive, and Resilient Recovery [Text/HTML]. World Bank Group. https://landportal.org/library/resources/report-number-158012/nepal-development-update-harnessing-export-potential-green
[39] USAID. (2010). Property Rights and Resource Governance: Nepal [USAID Country Profile]. USAID. https://www.landportal.org/node/40948
[40] Sharma, S. R., Upreti, B. R., & Müller-Böker, U. (2013). Negotiating Access to Land in Nepal. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(3), 521–539.
[41] Bertelsmann Stiftung. (2020). BTI 2020 Country Report Nepal. Bertelsmann Stifling. https://landportal.org/library/resources/bti-2020-country-report-nepal
[42] Ibid
[43] Ministry of Health. (2017). Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Ministry of Health Nepal, New ERA, USAID, The DHS Program. https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr336/fr336.pdf
[44] Ibid
[45] Osorio, M., & Vries, L. (2018). Learnings, Experiences and Gender Sensitive Programs on Strengthening Women’s Land Rights and Gender Equitable Land Tenure. Oxfam; Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. https://landportal.org/library/resources/learnings-experiences-and-gender-sensitive-programs-strengthening-women%E2%80%99s-land
[46] Ministry of Health. (2017). Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Ministry of Health Nepal, New ERA, USAID, The DHS Program. https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr336/fr336.pdf
[47] Osorio, M., & Vries, L. (2018). Learnings, Experiences and Gender Sensitive Programs on Strengthening Women’s Land Rights and Gender Equitable Land Tenure. Oxfam; Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. https://landportal.org/library/resources/learnings-experiences-and-gender-sensitive-programs-strengthening-women%E2%80%99s-land
[48] World Bank. (2021). World Bank Open Data. The World Bank: Working for a World Free of Poverty. https://data.worldbank.org/
[49] RECOFTC. (2016). Country engagement strategy Nepal 2013-2018 [Text]. RECOFTC – The Center for People and Forests. https://landportal.org/library/resources/recoftc295/recoftc-country-engagement-strategy-nepal
[50] Bertelsmann Stiftung. (2020). BTI 2020 Country Report Nepal. Bertelsmann Stifling. https://landportal.org/library/resources/bti-2020-country-report-nepal
[51] FAO. (2018). Increase the use of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure among CSOs and Grassroots Organizations—Nepal. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. https://landportal.org/node/81055
[52] Sharma, S. R., Upreti, B. R., & Müller-Böker, U. (2013). Negotiating Access to Land in Nepal. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(3), 521–539.
[53 ] AI Nepal, CSRC, & JuRI-Nepal. (2019). Nepal: Land for Landless Peasants. Amnesty International Nepal, Community Self Reliance Centre, Justice and Rights Institute-Nepal. https://landportal.org/library/resources/index-number-asa-3112212019/nepal-land-landless-peasants
[54] Displacement Solutions. (2019). Lessons learned from post-earthquake policy in Nepal: Guidance for further housing, land and property disaster and reconstruction law and policy reform. Displacement Solutions. https://landportal.org/library/resources/lessons-learned-post-earthquake-policy-nepal
[55] Gentle, P., Maraseni, T. N., Paudel, D., Dahal, G. R., Kanel, T., & Pathak, B. (2020). Effectiveness of community forest user groups (CFUGs) in responding to the 2015 earthquakes and COVID-19 in Nepal. Research in Globalization, 2, 100025.
[56] Osorio, M., & Vries, L. (2018). Learnings, Experiences and Gender Sensitive Programs on Strengthening Women’s Land Rights and Gender Equitable Land Tenure. Oxfam; Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. https://landportal.org/library/resources/learnings-experiences-and-gender-sensitive-programs-strengthening-women%E2%80%99s-land