Résultats de la recherche
Showing items 1 through 9 of 62.
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Library Resource
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a robust tool often used for eco-design. It allows the assessment of environmental impacts, at a global scale, accounting for all stage of a product life cycle, “from cradle to grave”. There is a methodological gap in this method to account for occupation and transformation impacts in marine ecosystems due to human activities. The task accomplished during this PhD is the development of a methodological framework for a new impact category in LCA to overcome this lack: the sea use. The general framework for sea use had to be defined.
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Library Resource
This study, which looked at 72 in traditional Salers system, shows there is a correlation between the use made of fields and the characteristics of these fields. The geographical characteristics and the use made of over 1,500 fields (cut and/or grazed fields) were described, mainly based on the statements made by farmers. Three groups of fields were identified (only cut fields, cut and grazed fields, only grazed fields) and in a second step, 15 types of fields uses were identified and described.
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Library Resource
Algérie, Burkina Faso, Nigéria, Mauritanie, Mali, Sénégal, Éthiopie, Niger, Uruguay, Érythrée, Cameroun, Tchad, République centrafricaine, Soudan du Sud, Soudan, Brésil, Afrique, Amérique du Sud
For over a decade, the globalisation of environmental, economic and social issues has induced rapid modification in agriculture and land. These changes raise the question of future extensive livestock systems in regards to the worldwide challenge to double livestock production by 2050 in ways which are safe for the environment. In order to better understand and follow modification processes, a comparative study of livestock systems and land dynamics has been carried out on seven case studies on three continents through the use of a common grid.
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Library Resource
As a quickly growing regional capital located in the Mediterranean littoral vineyard area, the city-region of Montpellier has recently constituted itself as a new local authority gathering 31 municipalities (Communauté d’Agglomération). Working out the territorial coherence scheme (Scot) was a priority step to structure the development project of this new territory, combining urban and rural dimensions.
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Library Resource
Land-use conflicts reveal the contemporary evolution of rural areas, and specifically the rise of the rural living environment and its confrontation with the other functions of the countryside (productive, recreational and natural protection). Local public authorities implement regulations to organize common environmental resources use without conflicts. But local public choice can not satisfy everyone, leading to a lack of unanimity. Local public intervention inevitably creates a losing side and it is difficult for them to escape the environmental damage by leaving.
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Library Resource
L’ampleur du phénomène d’artificialisation des terres agricoles dans les pays méditerranéensoblige à s’interroger sur les modes de régulation publique susceptibles de protéger plus efficacement cesterres contre l'étalement urbain et résidentiel. C’est avec cet objectif et dans la perspective d’apporter desconnaissances utiles aux décideurs publics qu’un réseau méditerranéen (FONCIMED) d'échanges et decomparaisons d'expériences sur la question foncière s’est constitué en 2007.
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Library Resource
Once the conditions that led to the creation of the Société Civile des Terres du Larzac (SCTL) have been introduced, the companion modelling approach used with this group of farmers is presented. The agent-based model co-constructed with a group of researchers and technicians is then described, as well as the way it was used to confront scenarios developed by the SCTL to envision management options of the forest massif, with scenarios developed by the farmers to improve the current functioning of their farms
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Library Resource
A study on the diversity of land use spatial organization of current mountain systems sheds a light on the different factors and conditions that determine land use. This approach, based on the characterization of the main groups of land parcels belonging to farms, was developed and tested on 48 livestock farms in 2 agricultural regions of the Cantal. This study confirmed there is no 'single model' in terms of spatial organization.
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Library Resource
A combined agronomic and geographic approach has helped to explain forest agrosystem spatio-temporal dynamics in the forest regions of Guinea. The important expansion of cropping systems associating various perennial crops (coffee, kola, cocoa, fruit trees) and native spontaneous forest species – called “agroforests”- has been observed in 3 villages of the Kobela area. This spatial dynamic can be considered as the renewing of an ecosystem dominated in the past by forest.
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Library Resource
The aim of this paper is to show how new location theories can explain the location of industries in rural areas. A survey of recent economic geography models is presented. We aim at highlighting the trade-off firms face when choosing to locate in an urban or in a low-densely populated area. For that purpose, it is worth takingtwo types of rural areas into account : rural areas under urban influence and independent rural areas. In the first case, the location of non agricultural activities is mainly explained by the working of the land market.
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