These Regulations designate a coastal area as a Special Protection Area in accordance with Article 4 of Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Conservation of Wild Birds. The purpose is to ensure survival and reproduction of all species of birds to which Article 4 relates and in particular those listed in Schedule 3 to these Regulations. Schedule 4 lists activities that require the consent of the Minister and may cause disturbance or damage to birds protected under Schedule 3. The bird species listed in that Schedule are protected to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution. Activities that require consent of the Minister include: reclamation of land; introduction, or re-introduction, of plants or animals not found in the area; burning, topping, clearing scrub or rough vegetation or reseeding; drainage works; planting of trees or multi-annual bioenergy crops; and intensification of livestock keeping.
Implements: Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds. (2009-11-30)
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Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600 and 150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century saw the population of the island drop by one third through starvation and emigration. For more than a century after that the population of the island continued to fall only to begin growing again in the 1960s.
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