Transportation has always played a
fundamental role in the formation of cities. Ports evolved
where rivers flowed into the ocean or at the confluence of
major rivers; sleepy outposts at the junction of major roads
became bustling trading hubs. Although this relationship
between transportation and development has been evident
since the creation of the earliest urban societies, all
previous conceptions of the city were made obsolete by the
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Showing items 1 through 9 of 739.-
Library ResourceMarch, 2014Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany
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Library ResourceJournal Articles & BooksFebruary, 2012Sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, South America, Eastern Asia, Caribbean, Oceania, Southern Asia
Today, 370 million people live in cities in earthquake prone areas and 310 million in cities with a high probability of tropical cyclones. By 2050 these numbers are likely to more than double, leading to a greater concentration of hazard risk in many of the world's cities. The authors discuss what sets hazard risk in urban areas apart, summarize estimates of valuation of hazard risk, and discuss implications for individual mitigation and public policy.
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchPolicy Papers & BriefsMay, 2014United States of America, China, Mexico, Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean, Eastern Asia
The trend toward ever greater urbanization continues unabated across the globe. According to the United Nations, by 2025 closes to 5 billion people will live in urban areas. Many cities, especially in the developing world, are set to explode in size. Over the next decade and a half, Lagos is expected to increase its population 50 percent, to nearly 16 million. Naturally, there is an active debate on whether restricting the growth of megacities is desirable and whether doing so can make residents of those cities and their countries better off.
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchPolicy Papers & BriefsJuly, 2016Tanzania, Japan, Malaysia, Madagascar, China, Namibia, Indonesia, Australia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Argentina, Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka, Brazil, New Zealand, Central America, Northern America, Oceania
To meet carbon emissions targets, more than 30 countries have committed to boosting production of renewable resources from biological materials andconvert them into products such as food, animal feedand bioenergy. In a post-fossil-fuel world, an increasingproportion of chemicals, plastics, textiles, fuels and electricity will have to come from biomass, which takesup land. To maintain current consumption trends theworld will also need to produce 50–70 percent more foodby 2050, increasingly under drought conditions and onpoor soils.
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchPolicy Papers & BriefsSeptember, 2016Africa, Eastern Asia, Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean
A spatial econometric model is used to link road upgrading to forest clearing and biodiversity loss in the moist tropical forests of Bolivia, Cameroon, and Myanmar. Using 250-meter cells, the model estimates the relationship between the rate of forest clearing in a cell and its distance to the urban market, with explicit attention given to road quality and simultaneity, terrain elevation and slope, the agricultural opportunity value of the land, and its legal protection status.
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Library Resource
Increasing Long-term Benefits of the Sustainable Use of Marine Resources for Small Island Developing States and Coastal Least Developed Countries
Reports & ResearchPolicy Papers & BriefsJune, 2017Oceania, CaribbeanThis report was drafted by a working group of United Nations entities, the World Bank, and other stakeholders to suggest a common understanding of the blue economy; to highlight the importance of such an approach, particularly for small island developing states and coastal least developed countries; to identify some of the key challenges its adoption poses; and to suggest some broad next steps that are called for in order to ensure its implementation.
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchPolicy Papers & BriefsJune, 2009Africa, Eastern Asia, Oceania, Southern Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean
This paper examines the poverty impacts of global merchandise trade reform by looking at a wide range of developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Overall, the authors find that trade reform tends to reduce poverty primarily through the inclusion of agricultural components. The majority of developing country sample experiences small poverty increases from non-agricultural reforms.
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Library ResourcePolicy Papers & BriefsJune, 2011Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Western Africa, Africa, Global, Central America, Eastern Asia, Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean, South-Eastern Asia
Ownership and control over assets such as land and housing provide direct and indirect benefits to individuals and households, including a secure place to live, the means of a livelihood, protection during emergencies, and collateral for credit that can be used for investment or consumption. Unfortunately, few studies - either at the micro or macro levels- examine the gender dimensions of asset ownership. This paper sets out a framework for researchers who are interested in collecting data on individual level asset ownership and analyzing the gender asset gap.
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchNovember, 2015Africa, Asia, Eastern Asia, Central America, South America, Northern Africa, Oceania, Southern Asia
This paper conducts an integrated assessment of climate change impacts and climate mitigation on agricultural commodity markets and food availability in low- and middle-income countries. The analysis uses the partial equilibrium model GLOBIOM to generate scenarios to 2080. The findings show that climate change effects on the agricultural sector will increase progressively over the century. By 2030, the impact of climate change on food consumption is moderate but already twice as large in a world with high inequalities than in a more equal world.
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchJuly, 2014Brazil, Ethiopia, New Zealand, Africa, Eastern Africa, Central America, South America, Oceania
In the absence of clear international policy signals and strong global agreements on climate change and sustainable agriculture, countries are moving forward to test sustainability strategies through innovative policies and financing programmes. This paper explores how three countries – Brazil, Ethiopia, and New Zealand – are using integrated policy approaches to address the linked challenges of climate change, unsustainable agriculture, and food insecurity.
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