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Library ResourceReports & ResearchJanuary, 2003
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchJanuary, 2002Brazil
Despite the importance of tropical moist forests for conserving biodiversity and storing carbon, forests continue to fall, because the private benefits of clearing land for agriculture far outweigh tangible economic gains from retaining forests. This report measures the financial disparity between forested and cleared land for small-scale farmers in two settlements in the western Brazilian Amazon where pastures are expanding and forests receding.
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchJanuary, 2003Thailand
"This paper models the assimilation process of migrants and shows evidence of the complementarity between their destination experience and upon-arrival human capital. Bayesian learning and dynamics of matching are modeled and empirically assessed, using panel data of wages from the Bangkok labor market in Thailand. The analysis incorporates (1) the heterogeneity of technologies and products, characteristic of urban labor markets, (2) imperfect information on migrants' types and skill demanded in the markets, and (3) migrants' optimal learning over time.
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Library ResourcePolicy Papers & BriefsDecember, 2002South America, Brazil
This report identifies the links among economic growth, poverty alleviation, and natural resource degradation in Brazil. It examines the effects of (1) a major devaluation of the Brazilian real (R$); (2) improvements of infrastructure in the Amazon to link it with the rest of Brazil and bordering countries; (3) modification of land tenure regimes in the Amazon agricultural frontier; (4) adoption of technological change in agriculture both inside and outside the Amazon; and (5) fiscal mechanisms to reduce deforestation." -- from Author's Abstract
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Library ResourcePeer-reviewed publicationReports & ResearchDecember, 2002South America, Brazil
Since the 1970s, federal policies promoting migration and encouraging agricultural development of large farms, logging, and ranching have led to the deforestation of vast areas of the Amazon rainforest.Though these policies have largely been replaced, deforestation continues. What effects do current macroeconomic and regional policies and events have on deforestation and on the well-being of settlers on the agricultural frontier?
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Library ResourcePolicy Papers & BriefsJanuary, 2002Nepal, India, Peru, Zimbabwe
Child labor is widespread in developing countries, but its causes are debatable. Poverty is considered the primary reason, but many theoretical and empirical analyses show that other factors, such as lack of access to credit, poor school quality, and labor market opportunities play equal or even greater roles in the decision to have children work. This study surveys the existing literature and, taking into account urban-rural divides, aims to shed light on the debate with empirical evidence from Nepal, Peru, and Zimbabwe.
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Library ResourceJanuary, 2002Niger
In this paper, we develop an empirical model of an agro-pastoral system subject to high climatic risk to test the impact of rainfall variability on livestock densities, land allocation patterns and herd mobility observed at the community level. Also, because grazing land is a common-pool resource, we determine the impact of cooperation on these decision variables.
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Library ResourceConference Papers & ReportsDecember, 2002Ethiopia, Africa, Eastern Africa
This paper evaluates the nature and determinants of community management (collective action) of woodlots and grazing lands in the northern Ethiopian highlands of Tigray. It identifies the nature of management of woodlots and grazing lands, the roles of different organisations (local and external) in managing them, and the benefits and problems encountered. Econometric analysis was used to investigate the determinants of collective action and its effectiveness in managing these resources. The paper ends with comment from Ephraim Nkonya.
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Library ResourceReports & ResearchJanuary, 2003Zambia, Eastern Africa
Since 1996, a growing coalition of stakeholders from the private sector, government and donor communities has promoted a new package of agronomic practices for smallholders in Zambia. The conservation farming (CF) system they advocate involves: dry-season land preparation using minimum tillage methods (either ox-drawn rip lines or hand-hoe basins laid out in a precise grid of 15,850 basins per hectare); no burning but rather retention of crop residue from the prior harvest; planting and input application in fixed planting stations; and nitrogen-fixing crop rotations.
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Library ResourceConference Papers & ReportsDecember, 2002Ethiopia, Africa, Eastern Africa
Using a household bioeconomic modelling approach, this paper analyses the impact of advancing in-kind credit in the form of fertilizer and seed on smallholder farmers with different levels of wealth in the Ethiopian highlands. Cropland allocation and household consumption patterns are examined in relation to credit availability. The paper then explores appropriate policy mechanisms for advancing credit to smallholder farmers in order to encourage intensification.
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