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Showing items 1 through 9 of 569.
  1. Library Resource
    June, 2014
    Africa

    This paper documents a significant
    impact of climate variation on urbanization in Sub-Saharan
    Africa, primarily in more arid countries. By lowering farm
    incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration
    to nearby cities, while wetter conditions slow migration.
    The paper also provides evidence for rural-urban income
    links. In countries with a larger industrial base, reduced
    moisture shrinks the agricultural sector and raises total

  2. Library Resource
    Training Resources & Tools
    Policy Papers & Briefs
    December, 2010

    Urbanization and climate change will define much of the 21st century. Urbanization leads to improvement in standards of living, and through the increased density and service delivery efficiency of cities, higher growth can be achieved with lower greenhouse gas emissions. Cities and urban agglomerations house more than 50 percent of the global population and contribute more than 70 percent of Global greenhouse (GHG) emissions. As the share of urban population grows, sustainable urban development emerges as an essential component in addressing climate change.

  3. Library Resource
    April, 2016

    This paper presents the conceptual framework for a training program on
    integrating disaster risk reduction and climate-change mitigation into
    Agriculture and Rural Development Department (ARD) programming. Its
    target audience consists of World Bank task team leaders and their national
    counterparts and partners working in agriculture and rural settings.

  4. Library Resource
    May, 2014

    This paper analyzes the available
    literature about the effects of structural adjustment
    programs (SAPs) on the environment and the convincing
    evidence for their success or failure. The studies covered
    refer to the SAPs by the World Bank as well as to general
    government programs that have similar policy implications.
    SAPs are designed to reform economies to become more
    liberalized and export-oriented while reducing the role of

  5. Library Resource
    May, 2012
    Global

    The World Bank committed $30.6 billion
    in transport-related projects during the past decade, making
    it one of the largest sectors. The evaluation looks into the
    Bank's experience in the sector, and assesses the
    institution's interventions, the impact of rapid
    transport sector expansion, and its readiness to meet the
    challenges ahead.

  6. Library Resource
    October, 2014

    This paper develops a dynamic model that
    explains the pattern of population and production allocation
    in an economy with an urban location and a rural one.
    Agglomeration economies make urban dwellers benefit from a
    larger population living in the city and urban firms become
    more productive when they operate in locations with a larger
    labor force. However, congestion costs associated with a too
    large population size limit the process of urban-rural

  7. Library Resource
    March, 2013

    This report summarizes the findings of a
    study aimed at exploring key elements of a benchmarking
    framework for urban transport. Unlike many industries where
    benchmarking has proven to be successful and
    straightforward, the multitude of the actors and
    interactions involved in urban transport systems may make
    benchmarking a complex endeavor. It was therefore important
    to analyze what has been done so far, propose basic

  8. Library Resource
    August, 2013
    Asia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam

    This study reviews the available
    quantitative and qualitative information on urban poverty
    issues and trends in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Region,
    with particular focus on Indonesia, the Philippines, and
    Vietnam. The review is a desk study-which is limited to
    material accessible to the Bank in Washington and draws
    mainly on existing field work and other published and
    unpublished papers. The empirical analysis focuses on the

  9. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    Training Resources & Tools
    December, 2017

    Durban is located within a global biodiversity hotspot, and still contains a wealth of biodiversity. Some of this is protected in nature reserves, but much of it is in private hands or in communal lands on the city’s periphery. City managers are divided over the level of attention that should be given to preserving these remaining natural areas.

  10. Library Resource
    February, 2014
    Mali, Western Africa

    This paper presents a new type of land
    market analysis relevant to cities with plural tenure
    systems as in West Africa. The methodology hinges on a
    systemic analysis of land delivery channels, which helps to
    show how land is initially made available for circulation,
    how tenure can be formalized incrementally, and the
    different means whereby households can access land. The
    analysis is applied to the area of Bamako in Mali, where

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