This paper documents a significant
impact of climate variation on urbanization in Sub-Saharan
Africa, primarily in more arid countries. By lowering farm
incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration
to nearby cities, while wetter conditions slow migration.
The paper also provides evidence for rural-urban income
links. In countries with a larger industrial base, reduced
moisture shrinks the agricultural sector and raises total
Search results
Showing items 1 through 9 of 569.-
Library ResourceJune, 2014Africa
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Library ResourceTraining Resources & ToolsPolicy Papers & BriefsDecember, 2010
Urbanization and climate change will define much of the 21st century. Urbanization leads to improvement in standards of living, and through the increased density and service delivery efficiency of cities, higher growth can be achieved with lower greenhouse gas emissions. Cities and urban agglomerations house more than 50 percent of the global population and contribute more than 70 percent of Global greenhouse (GHG) emissions. As the share of urban population grows, sustainable urban development emerges as an essential component in addressing climate change.
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Library ResourceApril, 2016
This paper presents the conceptual framework for a training program on
integrating disaster risk reduction and climate-change mitigation into
Agriculture and Rural Development Department (ARD) programming. Its
target audience consists of World Bank task team leaders and their national
counterparts and partners working in agriculture and rural settings. -
Library ResourceMay, 2014
This paper analyzes the available
literature about the effects of structural adjustment
programs (SAPs) on the environment and the convincing
evidence for their success or failure. The studies covered
refer to the SAPs by the World Bank as well as to general
government programs that have similar policy implications.
SAPs are designed to reform economies to become more
liberalized and export-oriented while reducing the role of -
Library ResourceMay, 2012Global
The World Bank committed $30.6 billion
in transport-related projects during the past decade, making
it one of the largest sectors. The evaluation looks into the
Bank's experience in the sector, and assesses the
institution's interventions, the impact of rapid
transport sector expansion, and its readiness to meet the
challenges ahead. -
Library ResourceOctober, 2014
This paper develops a dynamic model that
explains the pattern of population and production allocation
in an economy with an urban location and a rural one.
Agglomeration economies make urban dwellers benefit from a
larger population living in the city and urban firms become
more productive when they operate in locations with a larger
labor force. However, congestion costs associated with a too
large population size limit the process of urban-rural -
Library ResourceMarch, 2013
This report summarizes the findings of a
study aimed at exploring key elements of a benchmarking
framework for urban transport. Unlike many industries where
benchmarking has proven to be successful and
straightforward, the multitude of the actors and
interactions involved in urban transport systems may make
benchmarking a complex endeavor. It was therefore important
to analyze what has been done so far, propose basic -
Library ResourceAugust, 2013Asia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam
This study reviews the available
quantitative and qualitative information on urban poverty
issues and trends in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Region,
with particular focus on Indonesia, the Philippines, and
Vietnam. The review is a desk study-which is limited to
material accessible to the Bank in Washington and draws
mainly on existing field work and other published and
unpublished papers. The empirical analysis focuses on the -
Library ResourceReports & ResearchTraining Resources & ToolsDecember, 2017
Durban is located within a global biodiversity hotspot, and still contains a wealth of biodiversity. Some of this is protected in nature reserves, but much of it is in private hands or in communal lands on the city’s periphery. City managers are divided over the level of attention that should be given to preserving these remaining natural areas.
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Library ResourceFebruary, 2014Mali, Western Africa
This paper presents a new type of land
market analysis relevant to cities with plural tenure
systems as in West Africa. The methodology hinges on a
systemic analysis of land delivery channels, which helps to
show how land is initially made available for circulation,
how tenure can be formalized incrementally, and the
different means whereby households can access land. The
analysis is applied to the area of Bamako in Mali, where
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