Table of Contents:; a) Urbanization and Agriculture to the Year 2020; b) Poster Spreads Word of 2020 Vision; c) New 2020 Vision Resources Reach Out to Wider Audiences; d) 2020 In Brief; e) Is There Hope for Peace over Water in the Middle East?; f) Fish and Food Security; g) 2020 Views; h) IFAD: Focusing on the Alleviation of Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa; i) New Publications
The workshop participants were clear that now is the time for choices, and that without the will to make those choices, the likelihood of success in boosting agricultural growth on a sustained basis would be small. Without such growth, it will not be possible to improve food security or halt natural resource degradation. It seems unlikely that all countries of Africa will choose to put in place the necessary conditions for growth, which makes it all the more important to decide at the outset which conditions are most likely to beget further success.
A food demand system is proposed, based on demand for energy, variety, and tastes of foods. By specifying utility as an explicit function of these characteristics, the entire matrix of demand elasticities can be derived for n foods and one nonfood from prior specification of just four elasticities, while avoiding any assumption of separability between foods. This framework can explain why poorest groups often are most price-responsive, but also can account for highest price-responsiveness by middle income groups.
The author argues that African rural areas behave differently from rural areas in fully commercialized market economies. In commercialized economies, price signals quickly induce factor flows, including items such as investment and technological change. A need for more food is quickly translated into production of either more food or more non-food items to finance food imports. If agricultural potential exists in such countries, market incentives will encourage both appropriate output mixes and investment inflows; growth will then occur.
En este número:; Familias encabezadas por mujeres: ¿desagregación útil o agregación engañosa?; Herencia de la tierra: ¿ceden su lugar los sistemas de herencia matrilineal a los de herencia patrilineal y cuáles son las repercusiones?; Nuevos informes: Sobre crédito; Nuevos informes: Sobre agua y riego; Nuevos informes: Sobre la fecundidad; Nuevos informes: Sobre la asignación de tiempo; Nuevos informes: Investigaciones sobre género en el CGIAR; Nuevos informes: Exposición del IFPRI en las reuniones preparatorias para la Conferencia de Beijing
Dans ce numéro ...; Les Ménages dirigés par des femmes : une désagrégation utile ou une agrégation trompeuse ?; Les Héritages fonciers : les systèmes matrilinéaires laissent-ils place à des systèmes patrilinéaires et quelles en sont les répercussions ?; Nouveaux rapports; Ressources
Using a mathematical-programming agricultural-sector model of Egypt, this paper analyzes mechanisms for allocating scarce water and for charging the farmers the Operation and Management (O&M) costs of irrigation and drainage, currently covered by the government. The effects of cost recovery are negative but minor. A crop charge (based on crop water consumption per land unit) and a volumetric charge both discourage consumption. The former is easier to implement but does not stimulate water-saving technical change.
This paper explores the determinants of farmers' investments in indigenous soil and water conservation measures in the semi-arid tropics of India. Many types of indigenous conservation measures are observed in three study villages, including investments in terracing, levelling, gully checks, field boundary bunds, grass strips, drainage, and other measures. A simple theoretical model is used to develop hypotheses about the determinants of such investments in the context of possibly imperfect factor markets, and these hypotheses are tested using data from the three study villages.
"Rapid expansion of employment in low-income countries is one of the biggest challenges of development. The growth in labor supply in developing countries will remain large for a long time to come. Incomes of the poor in rural areas will depend more and more on productive off-farm work, and in the rapidly expanding urban areas, food security will depend largely on jobs and wage rates"--P. xiii.
Abstract
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