Table of Contents:; a) Urbanization and Agriculture to the Year 2020; b) Poster Spreads Word of 2020 Vision; c) New 2020 Vision Resources Reach Out to Wider Audiences; d) 2020 In Brief; e) Is There Hope for Peace over Water in the Middle East?; f) Fish and Food Security; g) 2020 Views; h) IFAD: Focusing on the Alleviation of Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa; i) New Publications
During the last 25 years, African policymakers have been bombarded with often conflicting advice on agricultural development strategy from an increasing array of international development agencies. In this brief, Christopher Delgado gives a chronology of agricultural paradigms for Africa. He points out that agricultural development paradigms have gone back and forth between defining agriculture as the engine for growth through cash and export cropping, and emphasizing food production, import substitution, and food self-sufficiency. .
In recent years, the countries of Latin America have made radical changes in their development strategies, including decentralization of government, privatization, and deregulation of markets. These changes have already affected the livelihoods of millions of the region’s inhabitants and promise to reshape the region’s food and agricultural system well into the 21st century.
Using a mathematical-programming agricultural-sector model of Egypt, this paper analyzes mechanisms for allocating scarce water and for charging the farmers the Operation and Management (O&M) costs of irrigation and drainage, currently covered by the government. The effects of cost recovery are negative but minor. A crop charge (based on crop water consumption per land unit) and a volumetric charge both discourage consumption. The former is easier to implement but does not stimulate water-saving technical change.
En este documento se subrayan los logros y dificultades experimentados por la región desde 1970 sobre las cuestiones relaciona das con la alimentación, la agricultura y el medio ambiente. También se señalan campos que exigirán especial atención para que la región alcance el objetivo de la visión 2020.
This paper explores the determinants of farmers' investments in indigenous soil and water conservation measures in the semi-arid tropics of India. Many types of indigenous conservation measures are observed in three study villages, including investments in terracing, levelling, gully checks, field boundary bunds, grass strips, drainage, and other measures. A simple theoretical model is used to develop hypotheses about the determinants of such investments in the context of possibly imperfect factor markets, and these hypotheses are tested using data from the three study villages.
The UNICEF-expanded model for nutrition is used to analyze the circumstances of care in urban environments. The model postulates that there are six major types of care behaviors: feeding and breast-feeding, food preparation and handling, hygiene behavior, psychosocial care, care for women, and home health practices. These behaviors require the resources of education and knowledge of the caregivers, the physical and mental health of caregivers, autonomy in decisionmaking, time availability, and the social support of the family and community in order to ensure adequate care for the child.
It is widely believed that land tenure insecurity under a customary tenure system leads to socially inefficient resource allocation. This article demonstrates that land tenure insecurity promotes tree planting, which is inefficient from the private point of view but could be relatively efficient from the viewpoint of the global environment. Regression analysis, based on primary data collected in Sumatra, indicates that tenure insecurity in fact leads to early tree planting.
En esta reseña de política alimentaria titulada Financiamiento para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria de los pobres del sector rural: repercusiones en materia de investigación y política, los autores examinan de nuevo la importancia de la política financiera rural para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria de la familia y aliviar la pobreza. Crean un marco conceptual para relacionar el acceso a servicios financieros con la seguridad alimentaria y analizar las comprobaciones empíricas sobre la demanda familiar de esos servicios.
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