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Showing items 1 through 9 of 353.
  1. Library Resource
    January, 1995
    Belize

    Will intensifying the road network around market areas produce greater economic returns and less environmental damage than extending the road network into new areas?Rural roads promote economic development but also facilitate deforestation. To explore the trade-offs between development and environmental damage posed by road building, Chomitz and Gray develop and estimate a spatially explicit model of land use.

  2. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1995
    Pakistan, Asia

    Why do some people receive higher incomes than others with similar talents and abilities? And why do certain sources of income, such as income from farm labor and income from growing sugarcane, go to different people? What steps can be taken to reduce the wide differences in income earned, so that the number of people living below the poverty line can be reduced? What roles do education and the migration of household members play in lifting people out of poverty and in improving income distribution?

  3. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1994

    Current trends in demography, agricultural production and rural environment in the developing countries suggest that so-called marginal lands must play a larger and probably growing role in food supply and economic development for the foreseeable future. To fulfill this critical role, public policy towards these lands needs to be revised. A key policy focus should be to strengthen incentives for local land users to not only maintain, but to improve the natural resource base for food and fiber supply.

  4. Library Resource
    Policy Papers & Briefs
    December, 1994
    Southern Asia, Eastern Asia, Africa, India, Bangladesh, China

    A large body of literature makes the argument that commercialization of agriculture has mainly negative effects on the employment, incomes, food production and consumption, health, and nutrition of the poor. In Commercialization of Agriculture, Economic Development, and Nutrition, Joachim von Braun and Eileen Kennedy find that the conclusion that commercialization of agriculture is generally bad for nutrition is flawed.

  5. Library Resource
    Journal Articles & Books
    January, 1994
    Southern Asia, Africa, Bangladesh, China, Gambia, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Philippines, Rwanda, Zambia

    Why should there be a book about the commercialization of subsistence agriculture, economic development, and nutrition? There are two compelling resasons. First, concerns and suspicions about adverse effects on the poor of commercialization of subsistence agriculture persist and influence policy of developing countries and of donor agencies.

  6. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1995
    Egypt

    The tax and subsidy system in Egypt in 1986-88 was very distorted, involving large, sectorally variegated, ouput taxes and subsidies. In agriculture, there were also major input subsidies and no charges for water. In this paper, an 11-sector, computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used to capture this mix of policies, focusing on land and water use in agriculture and on the links between agriculture and the rest of the economy.

  7. Library Resource
    Journal Articles & Books
    January, 1994
    Southern Asia, Africa, Bangladesh, China, Gambia, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Philippines, Rwanda, Zambia

    The distributional benefits of commercialization of agriculture, access to commercialization opportunities, and sharing of commercialization risks are functions of institutional arrangements. Obviously, the indirect food security and nutritional effects are, thereby, partly a function of such institutional arrangements. This chapter explores the relevance to food security of one form of contractual relationship in agriculture: formal contracts between producers and buyers (generally processors or exporters), a production and marketing system known as contract farming.

  8. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1995
    Ghana, Africa, Asia, Bangladesh

    This paper presents new evidence on the association between gender and poverty based on an empirical analysis of 11 data sets from 10 developing countries. The paper computes income- and expenditure-based poverty measures and investigates their sensitivity to the use of per capita and per adult equivalent units. It also tests for differences in poverty incidence between individuals in male- and female-headed households using stochastic dominance analysis.

  9. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1995
    Pakistan, Asia

    A food demand system is proposed, based on demand for energy, variety, and tastes of foods. By specifying utility as an explicit function of these characteristics, the entire matrix of demand elasticities can be derived for n foods and one nonfood from prior specification of just four elasticities, while avoiding any assumption of separability between foods. This framework can explain why poorest groups often are most price-responsive, but also can account for highest price-responsiveness by middle income groups.

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