One of the main problems for Ethiopian smallholder farmers is a general lack of reliable weather and climate forecasts. The lack of climate forecasting information becomes more and more challenging for smallholder farmers as the variability in weather increases, which results in an unpredictable and highly variable agricultural yield. To address this challenge, the first phase of the platform is to generate and provide relatively better-quality local weather forecasts.

This report summarizes the findings from the Organizational Midline Study (OMS) carried out in August-September of 2019 in Bagerhat, Bangladesh. The interviews were conducted with the same 10 organizations interviewed during the Organizational Baseline Study (OBS). The organizations are all still working directly with farmers in Bagerhat, Bangladesh.

In 2020 the CGIAR CAS Secretariat is conducting independent reviews of the 12 CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs), including this one of CCAFS. The reviews will provide information on quality of science and effectiveness in each CRP. This review covers the Phase II years of 2017 through 2019, with a view to identifying lessons for future research modalities.

To advance the goals of the Resilient Central America (ResCA) program, we have achieved the following results in the April 2020 to September 2020 semester reporting period. Regarding climate change adaptation, this semester we trained a total of 1141

Global biodiversity hotspots are areas containing high levels of species richness, endemism
and threat. Similarly, regions of agriculturally relevant diversity have been identified where many
domesticated plants and animals originated, and co-occurred with their wild ancestors and relatives.
The agro-biodiversity in these regions has, likewise, often been considered threatened. Biodiversity
and agro-biodiversity hotspots partly overlap, but their geographic intricacies have rarely been

In early 2018, Action Aid Haiti (AAH) approached the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), to collaborate in a project that in the context of climate change, would promote the production of environmentally sustainable crops, and reduce the vulnerability of persons particularly women in rural communities. CTA, based on its mandate and strategic plan for the Caribbean region, agreed to this collaboration.

Some of the largest impacts of climate change are expected in the environmentally heterogeneous and species rich high mountain ecosystems. Among those, the Neotropical alpine grassland above the tree line (c. 2,800 m), known as Páramo, is the fastest evolving biodiversity hotspot on earth, and one of the most threatened. Yet, predicting climate responses of typically slow-growing, long-lived plant linages in this unique high mountain ecosystem remains challenging.

To advance the goals of the Resilient Central America (ResCA) program, we have achieved the following results in the October 2019 to March 2020 semester reporting period. Regarding climate change adaptation, this semester we trained a total of 711

One of the main problems for Ethiopian smallholder farmers is a general lack of reliable weather and climate forecasts. The lack of climate forecasting information becomes more and more challenging for smallholder farmers as the variability in weather increases, which results in an unpredictable and highly variable agricultural yield. To address this challenge, the first phase of the platform is to generate and provide relatively better-quality local weather forecasts.

The Building a Sustainable, Integrated Seed System for Cassava in Nigeria (BASICS) was a five-year
(2016-2020) project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation that worked to strengthen all
components of the cassava seed value chain. The project was led and implemented by the CGIAR
program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas in partnership with International Institute of Tropical
Agriculture (IITA), National Agricultural Seeds Council (NASC), National Root Crops Research Institute

This book chapter tackles the management and economics of east coast fever. At about the time of ILRAD's establishment in 1973, a vaccination procedure was being developed at the East African Veterinary Research Organization (EAVRO) at Muguga, Kenya. The infection-and-treatment method (ITM) is an immunization procedure against ECF. It involves inoculation of live sporozoites of T. parva, usually in the form of a semi-purified homogenate of T. parva-infected ticks, combined with simultaneous treatment with a dose of a long-acting formulation of the antibiotic oxytetracycline.

Climate Services for Resilient Development (CSRD) is a global partnership that connects climate science, data streams, decision support tools, and training to decision-makers in developing countries. CSRD addresses the climate challenges faced by smallholder farmers in South Asia. The partnership is led by the United States Government and supported by the UK Government Department for International Development (DFID), the UK Meteorological Office, ESRI, Google, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the American Red Cross.