In the past few years, there has been a growing amount of research on economic quantifications and valuations of ecosystem services (ES) in agricultural systems. However, little attention has been given to cultural ESs (CES) in general and their link to the landscape in particular. This paper tries to tackle this gap with a case study on the Ifugao Rice Terraces of the Philippines. The study aims to understand the interrelations between the different CESs and their relationships with the landscape.

Belarus represents of the moisty countries of Europe: total area of hydromorphic and boggy soils composed almost 80% (8 mln hectares) in the beginning of XIX century. Amelioration and land reclamation promoting dewatering of potentially fertile lands appeared the most important problems of agricultural science and had been evaluated since the middle of XIX. In Gory-Goretsky agronomic Institute (modern Belarusian State Academy of Agriculture) drainage appears a separate school subject since 1853. Annual conferences concerned to land reclamation had been established this year.

In a course of the research there was studied hydro-meteorological need for irrigation of mineral soils of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of quantitative assessment of their natural heat and moisture conditions. As a result of realized research there was concluded that in conditions of unstable regime of natural hydrological and thermal regimes of mineral soils it was impossible to receive high and, most importantly, stable over the years yields on most of the agricultural lands without the use of irrigation reclamation.

Illegal and irregular allocations of public land were a common feature of the Moi regime and perhaps it’s most pervasive corrupt practice. The Ndung’u Report as well as various reports of the Public Investment Committee details numerous cases of public land illegal allocated to individuals and companies in total disregard of the law and public interest. Most allocations were made to politically correct individuals without justification and resulted in individuals being unjustly enriched at great cost to the people of Kenya.

Irrigation management / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Land development / Legal aspects / Legislation / Water users' associations / Japan

Data by efficiency of amelioration of chernozems is presented. Application of limy materials promotes stable displacement of reaction of medium about the neutral party. For displacement of reaction of medium for 0,1 units рН it is spent 0,55 - 0,88 T/hectare CaCO3.

Представлены данные по эффективности мелиорации черноземов. Применение известковых материалов способствует стабильному смещению реакции среды в нейтральную сторону. Для смещения реакции среды на 0,1 единицы рН расходуется 0,55 - 0,88 т/га CaCO 3.

Woodless areas after clear cutting and fires are subjected to periodic water logging resulting thereby in water logging. The reconstruction of low-value forest stands (LVFSR) should become an effective measure for forest management on such areas. The experimental industrial station was the object of the study. It was founded by the Vologda laboratory of the Northern Forestry Research Institute. The LVFSR was carried out by means of planting and care of it. The total area of the low-value forest stands development of the open and shrubs overgrown territories was 42 hectares.

Substantiated was the use of formal methods in the development of adaptive-landscape farming systems. The study was conducted in the Tver region. The article proposes to determine the values of macroagrogeosystem production potential (PP) by calculating integrated productivity parameters of different locations. There were distinguished 11 types of landscapes within the Tver region. The values of integrated indices were calculated.

There is renewed interest in the use of native tree species in ecosystem restoration for their biodiversity benefits. Growing native tree species in production systems (e.g. plantation forests and subsistence agriculture) can also ensure landscape functionality and support for human livelihoods. Achieving these full benefits requires consideration of genetic aspects that are often neglected, such as suitability of germplasm to the site, quality and quantity of the genetic pool used and regeneration potential.

This manual has been developed to help build the capacities of farmers, farmers groups, extension staff and project managers who are implementing agricultural carbon projects in Eastern Africa. The manual describes the steps for implementing an afforestation/reforestation voluntary carbon project based on the Plan Vivo Standard.