During its existence the Department „Iand improvements and Phisica” carried out activities not only teaching, but alco scientific, contributing to the development of land improvement works in Moldova.

This report analyzes land issues in Sri
Lanka, which cannot be seen in isolation from the ethnic and
political conflict and, at the same time, even though land
conflict is often linked with the ethnic conflict in Sri
Lanka, a large number of land conflicts in the North and
East can be resolved prior to a full and national political
solution to the ethnic situation. This report analyzes
constraints and opportunities for an effective governance

Necessity of the increment of the milk and meat production along with other agricultural products has caused the need to engage in an intensive agricultural use of new land, including flood areas that have been drained through the construction of polder systems. A total number of protective systems, fencing drained land from the influx of surface water compose over 3,900 miles of dikes. Nowadays reclaimed lands compose more than 220 hectares, equipped with polder system with mechanical water lift.

The objective of researches was approbation of concept of the recreational biogeosystem engineering by example of phosphogypsum recycling in soil upon simultaneously rotary ameliorative tillage in the soil layer from 30 to 60 cm. The research methods were stationary, field, laboratory, computed and thermodynamic which allows evaluating the extent of sustainability of the new phosphogypsum recycling biogeosystem in chernozem. The applying of proposed concept resulted in the improvement of morphologic soil structure, the increasing of depth and uniformity of sunflower root distribution.

Soil change at management of its dispersed system by means of three-tier and rotor-milling tillage is studied. After single soil-meliorative rotor-milling plowing the processed soil layer consists of small units homogeneous for the size. There are no morphological signs of a solonetz pedogenesis restoration. The moisture of an atmospheric precipitation freely penetrates into the soil and easily distributes in artificial dispersed system. Readily soluble salts leach off to depth, sufficient for reducing of their influence on soil genesis.

The state of soil cover and pedogenic rock in the farm Raygorod of theVolgograd region was investigated. The plot had an area of 1000 ha. The aim of the study was to justify the suitability of the plot for irrigation and develop the measures for increasing soil fertility. As a result of morphological structure, water-physical and physicochemical soil properties at the investigated plot were determined. The soils of the plot are suitable for irrigation. There is a need of chemical land reclamation because of alkalinity and calcium unsaturation of the soil exchangeable complex.

The paper considers the influence on chernozem soil properties after the autumn application of calcium chloride as an amendment at the rate of 2.4 t/ha. At the end of the first year of aftereffect the results of soil analyses have shown the influence on such indices as pH, alkalinity and content of chloride, exchangeable cations and carbonates. During the winter period with 200-300 mm of precipitation chlorides from said amendment are leached to the depth of 50 cm.

Studied was the impact of phosphogypsum and phosphogypsum-containig amendments on the properties of ordinary chernozem degraded due to irrigation with mineralized water (1.7-2.0 g/l), as well as on the crop yield. It was established the decreasing of soil sodicity by 50% upon applying the total calculated dose of phosphogypsum (10 t/ha), the increasing of calcium content in soil exchangeable complex up to optimal parameters (85%), the achieving of good water-stability of soil.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented theoretical statements and methodical approaches to the improvement of the use of lands and organization of the territory of agricultural organizations in conditions of ecologization of land use. There were formulated the notion and tasks of improvement of the use of lands of agricultural organizations.

There are around 400,000 hectares of soils with heavy mechanical composition, and the greatest part of the production area is under crops. The long term soil tillage by conventional methods (using plough) and a large number of passages of mechanization in this type of soil causes a subarable waterproof layer, with a lot of negative consequences in a crop production.

Water erosion is the most important degradation process of the 10 degradation processes distinguished by the European Union. The impact of rain drops on the soil surface causes splash of soil particles

The influence of application of various soil ameliorants (lime, manure and phosphorus fertilizers) to increase fertility of extremely acid soil type Pseudogley was investigated. The greatest fertility increase of studied soil was obtained by combined use of lime, manure and complex NPK fertilizer. In this variant, pH value, content of easy – available P and available Ca increased for 2.0pH units, 3.5 mg 100 g-1 and 39 mg 100 g-1 , respectively in relate to control sample.