This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Nigeria.
To allow for useful comparison, the profile also provides
data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for
each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the 12th edition in a
series of annual reports measuring the regulations that
enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business; for

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Rwanda.
To allow for useful comparison, the profile also provides
data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for
each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the 12th edition in a
series of annual reports measuring the regulations that
enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business; for

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Qatar. To
allow for useful comparison, the profile also provides data
for other selected economies (comparator economies) for each
indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the 12th edition in a
series of annual reports measuring the regulations that
enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business; for

This paper uses farm panel data from
China to examine the dynamics of land transactions, machine
investments, and the demand for machine services. Recently,
China's agriculture has experienced a large expansion
of machine rentals and machine services provided by
specialized agents, which has contributed to mechanization
of agricultural production. The empirical results show that
an increase in nonagricultural wage rates leads to expansion

The paper investigates determinants of
civic participation in local budget processes in rural areas
in the Kyrgyz Republic by using data from the Life in
Kyrgyzstan survey, conducted in 2012. The analysis of the
data suggests that although civic awareness and interest in
local budget processes is relatively high, the participation
rate in local budgeting processes is low. The paper also
shows that interest, awareness, and participation are

Industrial and commercial facilities
provide great economic benefit to communities throughout the
world. Unfortunately, many industries use or have used
practices and materials which have proven toxic to the
environment and to those who live and work near contaminated
sites. The definition and degree of contamination varies at
national and regional levels of government, but leaders
throughout the world now recognize the hazard that

Los autores nos introducen al estudio del sistema de responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración Pública en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano, introducido por vez primera en la Ley 27444, del Procedimiento Administrativo General, norma que por primera vez regula los alcances sustantivos de dicha capital garantía patrimonial en el ámbito del derecho público en el Perú. No obstante ello, la eficacia práctica de dicha institución se ve amenazada diariamente, dado que casi no hay casos judiciales de aplicación de la misma, y asimismo hay deficiencias en su regulación normativa.

Vulnerability is an important aspect of households' experience of poverty. Many households, while not currently in poverty, recognize that they are vulnerable to events - a bad harvest, a lost job, an illness, and unexpected expense, an economic downturn - that could easily push them into poverty. Most operational measures define poverty as some function of the shortfall of current income, or consumption expenditures from a poverty line, and hence measure poverty only at a single point in time. The authors propose a simple expansion of those measures to quantify vulnerability to poverty.

Development and humanitarian actors
currently engaged in Somalia face the challenge of
delivering assistance in such a way that it is supportive of
peace and state building, addresses the acute vulnerability,
and dependence of large shares of the population while
operating in a still insecure and changing environment.
Forced displacement is a key feature of the current
political economy context of Somalia. The necessity of

This issue brief highlights the challenges indigenous peoples experience in securing their customary land rights in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Philippines; hence, this publication specifies recommendations for the government and CSOs in strengthening the recognition to indigenous peoples' rights.

This compilation of scoping studies on indigenous peoples in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Philippines reveals how the basic bond of indigenous peoples to land are threatened by forces far more powerful than they are equipped to face.

This paper reviews the experiences of introducing land consolidation and land banking instruments in Central and Eastern Europe, largely to address the structural problems of small and fragmented farms. The introduction has been uneven with some countries having established operational programmes while others have taken steps with differing levels of success, and a few have not taken action. The paper assesses the driving factors for the introduction and the approaches used in individual countries.