Vietnam is among the few countries worldwide that have experienced a net increase in forest cover in the past decades. Widespread tree planting efforts have provided important income sources for local communities, including ethnic minority groups. However, the emphasis has been on monocrop plantations of exotic tree species, which has yielded limited ecosystem service benefits such as biodiversity conservation and watershed protection.

Flood risks are a major concern in Nigeria, due to their consequences on human life and socioeconomic activities of the people. Floods are induced by high rainfall intensity resulting from climate change. Other factors identified as the drivers of the perennial flooding in Nigeria include, poor drainage systems, poor waste management, unregulated urbanization, weak implementation of planning laws and changes in land use without regard to ecological considerations.

Irrigation is increasingly being called upon to help stabilize and grow food and water security in the face of multiple crises; these crises include climate change, but also recent global food and energy price crises, including the 2007/08 food and energy price crises, and the more recent crises triggered by the COVID 19 pandemic and the war on Ukraine.

The Vietnamese Mekong Delta is responsible for half of the country’s rice production. This is possible due to abundant freshwater resources available for agriculture. This report provides a general overview of water resources in the region, presents unique water-related challenges using earth observation data, and description of measures to address them. Structurally, section one provides a general introduction followed by description of surface water resources, its uses and dynamics. Section three contains information on water infrastructure in the region.

As part of the AICCRA project, the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) and the Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) are mandated to develop curricula and training materials to accelerate the mainstreaming of climate information services (CIS) and climate-smart agriculture (CSA) into university curricula in Africa.

Tanzania is the major sunflower producer in the East Africa region. It has a market dominance of
78%, followed by Uganda (21%). It is an important cash crop in Tanzania and has been attributed to
the low cost of production relative to other oilseeds. Moreover, sunflower accounts for 35% of
oilseeds produced in the United Republic of Tanzania. Sunflower variety grown in Tanzania has been
characterized as resistant to drought conditions and low susceptibility to diseases and pests.

Over the past two decades, Vietnam’s GDP per capita has grown ninefold. Concurrently, its agricultural sector has transformed to a strong commercial orientation. At the same time that the share of agriculture in GDP fell from 24.5 percent to 12.6 percent, agricultural value-added grew sixfold from USD 7.5 bn to USD 46 bn (World Bank, 2022). This suggests that Vietnam could provide contemporary insights into agricultural innovation coinciding with – and possibly contributing to – economic growth. Vietnam is also a high-priority country for CGIAR research.

This scoping report combines findings from a scoping visit to the case study location with a review of the literature that describes salient features of the political economy in Sudan. The purpose of this report is to document findings as a contribution to and as preparation for fieldwork on farmer-herder conflicts. The report is produced by the CGIAR Research Initiative on Fragility, Conflict and Migration and the project Supporting Pastoralism and Agriculture in Recurrent and Protracted Crises (SPARC).

Weather triggered hazards such as drought and flooding have negative impacts on society and agriculture. Drought can lead to reduced access to drinking water, lower agricultural productivity, and conflicts over water resources. Flooding causes loss of agricultural production, damages infrastructure, and leads to socio-economic losses. The report aims to develop a guiding framework to create a Combined Drought and Flood Index (CDFI) for monitoring crop-specific agricultural drought and flood conditions.

The study assessed gender and social inclusiveness of the CSA technologies disseminated using indicators such as labor requirement, cost, youth involvement, and women friendliness. The women's friendliness was assessed with indicators such as the drudgery associated with the technologies, their accessibility and affordability, the sociocultural appropriateness of the technologies, the implementation requirements, and the technology's potential to displace women and youth of their roles. The study used both focus group discussions (qualitative) and survey (quantitative) approaches.