THE VISION to forge a global partnership to reverse and prevent desertification/land degradation and to mitigate the effects of drought in affected areas in order to support poverty reduction and environmental sustainability

La Convention offre de nouveaux espoirs dans la lutte contre la désertification

Le problème de la dégradation des terres dans les régions arides n'a cessé de s'aggraver au cours des vingt dernières années décennies. La Convention propose une manière entièrement nouvelle de gérer les écosystèmes arides et -ce qui n'est pas moins important- les flux d'aide au développement.

La Convención ofrece nuevas esperanzas para luchar contra la desertificación

En las últimas décadas el problema de la degradación de tierras en las regiones de zonas secas ha seguido empeorando. La Convención promueve un nuevo método para gestionar los ecosistemas de tierras secas y administrar las aportaciones de ayuda al desarrollo.

The Kyoto Protocol negotiated in the mid-1990s to address climate change adaptation and mitigation will expire in 2012. This protocol represents one of the two milestones that the multilateral negotiation of climate change has delivered. Ten years after its adoption, the climate change negotiators decided upon the second largest milestone when they approved the Bali Action Plan at their 2007 meeting in Bali.

The Kyoto Protocol negotiated in the mid-1990s to address climate change adaptation and mitigation will be replaced by a post-Kyoto agreement in 2012. The new agreement under negotiation needs to seal the policy gaps in adaptation and mitigation that were omitted or excluded from Kyoto on account of scientific uncertainties. Particular attention needs to be given to the potential of land in all its dimensions considering its high capacity to store carbon. Land stores twice as much organic carbon as vegetation and the atmosphere combined.

Drylands have the potential to play a big role in climate mitigation and, in doing so, to deliver significant co-benefits

Land use practices contribute to both the emission and sequestration of greenhouse gases. Land is where the struggle to adapt to climate change will be won or lost by the poorest of the poor. Land science is a priority area of collaboration between UNCCD and UNFCCC, if land-climate insights and actions are to be optimized. It can also foster the synergies continually called for by Parties to the three sister Rio Conventions.

Comme la Préface l’a souhaité, ce document est conçu comme un plaidoyer. Son objectif, en effet, est de montrer pourquoi il faut aujourd’hui replacer la Convention de Lutte contre la Désertification au cœur des stratégies engagées pour affronter la crise montante de l’écosystème global. Son point de départ est un constat sans appel : la progression de la désertification et de la dégradation des terres et des eaux conduisent inéluctablement à un développement non durable (Chapitre I).

Desertification is defined as land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. More than one third of the surface of the earth consists of drylands. In terms of population, one out of every five people of the world live in already degraded or desertification-prone drylands. These people include many of the world’s poorest, most marginalized, and politically weak citizens. For instance, nearly 325 million people in the African continent live in drylands.

Avant-propos La notion de désertification se définit comme une dégradation des sols en zone aride, semi-aride et subhumide sèche, souvent appelée simplement « zone aride ». On estime qu’elle résulte d’une combinaison de facteurs, parmi lesquels les changements climatiques et l’activité humaine. Plus d’un tiers de la superficie totale de la terre est considéré comme zone aride. En termes démographiques, c’est un cinquième de la population totale du globe qui vit en zone aride déjà dégradée ou menacée de désertification.

This perspective document: 1 Provides examples of ‘no regrets’ approaches, applied in small island countries to cope with current climate variability and adapt to future climate change, at different levels ranging from communities, local administrations and national governments. 2 Demonstrates the need for a sound knowledge base and information system, as well as a better understanding of the relation between water resources, water and health, and climatic extremes.

This publication looks at key issues associated with water and sanitation in countries that are afflicted by armed conflict and where the ICRC works. The issues are identified as health, displacement, detention, urbanisation and natural disasters. The countries where ICRC is working include Iraq, Haiti, Somalia and Yemen. The publication analyses challenges from the point of view of the operational practice that has developed. It makes the following observations: