Shifting cultivation, under its diverse forms of slash and burn system, is a traditional method of cultivating tropical upland soils, mostly for subsistence purposes. This traditional system of cultivation is in ecological balance with the environment and does not irreversibly degrade the soil resource, provided a sufficient length of fallow is allowed for soil restoration. However, increasing population pressures necessitate more intensive use of land. The consequence is extended cropping periods and shortened fallows.

This Bulletin contains the papers and proceedings of the FAO/SIDA Workshop on Organic Materials and Soil Productivity in the Near East. In view of the important complementary effect of organic materials to mineral fertilizers and their role in improving the soil?s physical properties, the Workshop has dealt with a wide variety of items on techniques and uses of the organic materials and wastes including, composting, bio-fertilizers and biogas, the environmental and health aspects, and action guidelines for follow-up activities in the Near East countries.

It will be recalled that, at its 5th meeting held at Rabat, the ECA Conference of ministers decided to include studies and related activities concerning the establishment of agricultural commodity exchange for Eastern and Southern African States in the work programme of the Lusaka MULPOC for 1980-1981. Thereafter, the Lusaka MULPOC Council of Ministers, at its 3rd meeting held at Gaborone, Botswana, formally incorporated that project in its work programme for 1980.

Les activites entreprises par le Groupe conseil en application de la deuxième partie de la même résolution qui demande inventorier les précédes technologiques de production de farines composées, doivent en principe etre achèvées, en 1982.

With the goal of stimulating the production and utilisation of indigenous cereals, rootss tubers and legumes in particular sorghum in composite flours for bakery products in traditional, new and modified food products it will have the following objectives^

a) ensure better understanding of the importance and potential

for industrial application of sorghums etc. and the technologies

available for milling and baking coarse grains'

b) ascertain the status and plans of existing 'national composite

flour programmes or the possibilities of establishing such

Policy makers as well as scientists have started to acquire an honest appreciation of the possibilities of reducing the wastage of materials which could be profitably utilized for improving or maintaining soil productivity. In addition, the great opportunities offered by making more efficient use of the potentials of biological nitrogen fixation in farming systems are now fully recognized. A number of recommendations and suggested guidelines were made by the various Working Groups during the two-week Workshop.

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, la situation alimentaire et

agricole en Afrique s'est radicalement détériorée. En moyenne, pour chaque personne habitant dans la région, l’accès aux produits alimentaires est actuellement beaucoup plus difficile qu'il y a dix ans, et les normes alimentaires moyennes sont tombées en-deçà, des besoins nutritionnels.

The pressing need for increased agricultural production in the years ahead can only be met by more efficient use of our land and water resources including more widespread and better irrigation in those regions where rainfall is inadequate. Production gains will be shortlived unless the attendant hazards of salinization, water logging and lowered fertility are kept in check by effective planning and management based on a thorough understanding of the soil conditions. Soil survey and land classification are generally accepted essential preliminaries to investment in irrigation development.

Para cumplir los objetivos establecidos por el artículo 2º del Decreto Ley Nº 2811 de 1974, el presente Decreto tiene por finalidad reglamentar las normas relacionadas con el recurso de aguas en todos sus estados, y comprende los siguientes aspectos: 1) El dominio de las aguas, cauces y riberas, y normas que rigen su aprovechamiento sujeto a prioridades, en orden a asegurar el desarrollo humano, económico y social, con arreglo al interés general de la comunidad.

The objective of the OCAM, established en the basis of the solidarity existing between its member States is, in keeping with the spirit of the OAU, to strengthen co-operation and solidarity between African States and Mauritius, in order to accelerate their economic, social, technological and cultural development.

Le présent décret fixe les modalité d'application de l’ordonnance n° 10 du 5 mars 1976 relative à l'exercice et à l’organisation de la profession de géomètre. A cet effet, ce texte rappelle la liste des travaux énumères à l’article premier de l’ordonnance susmentionnée. Par ailleurs, elle définit l’agrément, la procédure d’agrément et les infractions et sanctions, en application de l’article 5 de l’ordonnance n°10 du 5 mars 1976.

Met en oeuvre: Ordonnance n° 10 du 5 mars 1976 relative à l'exercice et à l’organisation de la profession de géomètre. (1976-03-05)