This paper concentrates more on the indicators that deal more or less directly with the increase of agricultural productivity and production. There is the fundamental constraint then that because of the imprecise nature of some of the factors to be measured, the indicators themselves may not in fact be measuring what they were meant to measure. However, this does not relieve the user of constructor of indicators from the obligation to offer a hypothesis as a start and then work to the final “theorem” for that is what all indicators at the start are hypothesis.

Due to the increasing extension of areas planted to cassava in tropical countries, the maintenance of biological equilibrium through adequate integrated control techniques becomes imperative as well as the collection of data on var. resistance, biological control, and cultural practices. Basic information for integrated pest control is given. Arthropods attacking cassava are described regarding yield losses, biology, morphology, and ecology. Criteria for the establishment of a control program on var.

The purpose of this study is to analyse how to produce a balance between the design and implementation of "green" facilities. It focusses on providing insight into the conditions under which decisions take place, conditions which have to be satisfied if a balance between design and implementation is to be realised and is to influence the way we create and maintain "green" facilities. The study shows that the management of the "green" facilities is indissolubly linked with the design and the implementation.

A guideline for carrying out regional trials in cassava is given, including necessary steps (identification of collaborators, selection of sites, identification of person in charge, planting and harvesting season, exptl. design, plot size, and border rows); the technology used (selection and treatment of cuttings, plant density, land preparation, planting position, application of herbicides and fertilizers, pest and disease control); necessary visits (a min. of 7); and final agronomic trials to determine optimum density and age of var. at harvest.

Rede Wageningen, 5 november 1981

With the goal of stimulating the production and utilisation of indigenous cereals, rootss tubers and legumes in particular sorghum in composite flours for bakery products in traditional, new and modified food products it will have the following objectives^

a) ensure better understanding of the importance and potential

for industrial application of sorghums etc. and the technologies

available for milling and baking coarse grains'

b) ascertain the status and plans of existing 'national composite

flour programmes or the possibilities of establishing such

The low cassava yields obtained in L.A. at present are the result of a complex of problems: 1) deficient quality of planting material, which results in low sprouting, poor rooting and little initial vigor; 2) inadequate land preparation and planting systems; 3) control systems for pests and diseases are unknown and weed control, untimely; 4) some local var. have a low yield potential. The CIAT Cassava Program has developed a set of simple low-cost practices aimed towards increasing cassava yields.