Currently, one of the main problems of science and innovation are the gaps in the innovation cycle, which are formed in the transition from basic research through research and development to industrial use. In this connection, in the emerging knowledge based economy in Belarus there comes to the fore the problem of transfer and commercialization of research and development. Transfer and commercialization of technology is the most important area, which contributes to the efficient use of the capacity of the national science and is intended to ensure access to new technology markets.

This Evidence update builds on and nuances the conclusions drawn in DFID’s Topic Guide on Women’s Empowerment in a Changing Agricultural and Rural Context (Murray, 2015).

Russia has experienced dramatic changes in land ownership and tenure since 1991: agricultural land has been largely privatized, individual landowners now have legal rights to most agricultural land in the country, and prohibitions on buying and selling of land have been recently removed. The necessary pre-conditions for the development of agricultural land markets have been met and we are beginning to witness transactions that involve individual landowners, and not only the state.

International Development, Land Economics/Use,

Since 1991, Moldova has carried out a wide range of radical reforms affecting its social and economic system. The land reform, which was practically completed in 2000, created over 1 million landowners among the rural population. Many of them entrusted their land to managers of newly created corporate farms. Others used their privately owned land to establish independent family farms. The creation of independent family farms (so-called "peasant farms") was one of the primary goals of the land reform. More than 280,000 peasant farms have been created, averaging 1,86 hectares in size.

The land reform process in Cambodia is full of examples of injustice and human rights violations. Promises to improve the situation of the landless and land-poor citizens have remained unfulfilled. Development co-operation efforts have not changed this either.

El presente texto es un artículo elaborado en base al análisis de los desarrollos alternativos dentro de una Maestría en Desarrollo Rural. El autor hace una pequeña recopilación de conceptos claves e ideas para comprender y presentar una postura sobre las nuevas alternativas para el desarrollo. Cabe recalcar que este texto contiene aportes de algunos Ruralistas y aliados del Instituto para el Desarrollo Rural de Sudamérica. Es un honor poder presentarles el artículo 177 de la serie Diálogos, un aporte que llega desde Argentina.
 

Muito oportuna e elucidativa essa publicação do FBSSAN que me foi dada a honra de apresentar. A biofortificação de alimentos tem se destacado entre os temas do crescente debate nacional e internacional no campo da nutrição, aí incluída sua relação com a agricultura. Como é usual em se tratando dos alimentos, este debate é permeado por interesses de várias ordens, sobretudo econômicos, com a apropriação de significados acompanhada do tradicional apelo à gravidade dos problemas (fome ou deficiência de nutrientes) que clama por soluções urgentes e milagrosas.

The project took place in Katima Mulilo and Rundu during 2007-11. The project consisted of 66 township extensions, and resulted in 18,500 plots developed in a period of 5 years. The project was funded by LUX Development, the cooperation agency from Luxemburg, which poured significant funds to make the project possible. One of the innovation aspects was to do the topographic and cadastral mapping in parallel with the layout and design. This was done by teams consisting of a town planner, a surveyor , and community facilitators selected by the inhabitants of the settlement in question.

Belarus has preserved its third position in Registering Property in the World Bank’s Doing Business 2014 report. Constant improvement of property registration procedures has allowed Belarus to achieve that. The Registering Property indicator takes into account three factors: the number of procedures required to transfer rights to property, the time spent on completing all the necessary procedures and the cost of procedures. From ”The Earth Summit“ in Brazil 1992 sustainable development recognized by almost all societies as one of the major global goals.

The author develops a theoretical framework to guide empirical analysis of how land registration affects financial development and economic growth. Most conceptual approaches investigate the effects of land registration on only one sector, nut land registration is commonly observed to affect not only other sectors but the economy as a whole. The author builds on the well-tested link between secure land ownership and farm productivity, adding to the framework theory about positive information and transaction costs.

Using an economy-wide conceptual framework, the author analyzes how land registration affects financial development and economic growth in Thailand. He uses contemporary techniques, such as error correction and co-integration, to deal with such problems as time-series data not being stationary. He also uses the auto-regressive distributed lag model to analyze long lags in output response to changes in land registration. His key findings: 1) Land titling has significant positive long-run effects on financial development.