Vaste pays (1 284 000km²), très largement désertique, au moins au nord de la frontière naturelle que constitue le Chari, le Tchad comptait une population de 10 millions d’habitants en 2006, dont le taux de croissance est de 3,3 % la même année1. Comme le relevait déjà une étude de 1996, la part urbaine de cette population est en forte expansion (taux de croissance de 4,8 %, mais avec des pics pour N’Djamena, 6 %, et Moundou, la ville du pétrole, avec 4,8 %). Cette population urbaine représenterait àpeu près 20 % de la population2.

There is a growing recognition that well-defined and enforceable property rights to land are important for a range of economic and social functions. To assess land governance at the country level, the World Bank has elaborated a diagnostic tool based on empirical indicators that aims to identify areas for improvement and that could be used to monitor progress in the land sector.

"An Act to repeal and replace the law relating to land, provide for the grant of titles to land, the conversion of titles to land, the better securing of titles to land, the administration of land, the expropriation of land for public purposes, the grant of servitudes, the creation of land courts and the settlement of disputes relating to land; systematic regularisation and adjudication; and for connected purposes.

Enacted by the Parliament of Lesotho"

The Ministerial Policy Statement is structured by Vote, as follows:

• Vote Overview

This section sets out past performance and future plans for Central and Local Government Votes in more detail. It is structured as follows for each Vote: A Vote Overview sets out key details of the vote, including past performance, future plans and key performance issues to be addressed including costing implications.

• Vote Annexes

This note is meant to serve as a quick reference for local authorities and NGOs to
acquire an understanding of relevant land laws and the context of land-use in
Myanmar. All land and all natural resources in Myanmar, above and below the ground,
above and beneath the water, and in the atmosphere is ultimately owned by the Union of
Myanmar. Although the socialist economic system was abolished in 1988, the existing Land
Law and Directions were not changed in parallel, and thus these are still in use today in

A ideia de realização do estudo teve como inspiração o facto de  haverem fortes indícios de  que,  de  forma  crescente  e  persistente,  tem  se  registado  a  nível  de  todo  o  país  uma gestão  da  terra  e  dos  outros  recursos  naturais  contraditória  ao  estabelecido  nas  leis, normas e regras de gestão destes bens  públicos  por parte das instituições estatais, o que resulta  numa  distribuição  não  equitativa,  e  até  mesmo  restritiva,  dos  direitos  das comunidades  locais  e  de  outros  sectores  vulneráveis  da  sociedade,  precarizando  a  luta contr

Nairobi River Basin is a complex of several parallel rivers that flow through the City of Nairobi and empty into a larger river and flow to the Indian Ocean. The rivers are polluted with garbage, industrial liquid effluence, agro-chemicals, petro-chemicals among others. This situation has occasioned spread of water-borne diseases, loss of sustainable livelihoods, loss of biodiversity, reduced availability and access to safe potable water, and the insidious effects of toxic substances and heavy metal poisoning which affects human productivity.

Liberal peacebuilding has become the target of considerable criticism. Although much of this criticism is warranted, a number of scholars and commentators have come to the opinion that liberal peacebuilding is either fundamentally destructive, or illegitimate, or both. On close analysis, however, many of these critiques appear to be exaggerated or misdirected.

The current land administration system in Pakistan aims at land revenue assessment and tax collection for the fiscal purposes. This system is organised or structured on the traditional land registers and cadastral maps in paper formats, and their maintenance is mainly dependent on the hard works of the local land administrator so called “Patwari” at the grass-root level within his jurisdiction.

A well-functioning land administration and management system is crucial for Madagascar's economic and social future. Land is implicated in Madagascar's ongoing economic development and social transformation in many important ways, as key a factor in its quest for economic growth, urbanization, transparent decision-making on land-related foreign investments, environment protection, vibrant and sustainable rural communities, political stability, and social cohesion.

The pastoral areas of Ethiopia are witnessing radical change in terms of both increasingly restricted mobility and access to vital resources. A cause and consequence of such constraints has been a move toward sedentarised forms of livestock and agricultural production. This is occurring in a political and socioeconomic vacuum, in which the customary institutions responsible for resource allocation and access to land are becoming weaker, and where the Ethiopian government has yet to develop a clear policy or strategy for resource distribution and tenure security in pastoral areas.

The study provides the background and objectives of the Athens workshop, then provides separate in-depth background and analysis of the informal development solutions being adopted in Albania and Greece. Following a review of just how ‘pro-poor’ the solutions are, the final chapter provides a series of lessons learned, many of which can be applied to other countries experiencing informal development issues.