This document presents the recently
elected Colombian administration with a set of policy notes
meant to enrich the debate around critical issues affecting
the country's development. These notes build mostly
upon existing research and represent the Bank's

This report aims to assist the
Government of the Maldives in designing and implementing
social protection reforms, in particular for pensions and
safety nets. The report gives an overview of poverty, risk
and vulnerability in Maldives and analyzes the role and

Environmental degradation can inflict
serious damage on poor people because their livelihoods
often depend on natural resource use and their living
conditions may offer little protection from air, water, and
soil pollution. At the same time, poverty-constrained

The main objective of the study is to
provide the Government of Senegal the analyses and
information to implement policies towards reducing the rural
poor's vulnerability. While during the latest years,
economic growth reduced poverty in the country, this has

The Caribbean region suffers from a high
degree of economic volatility. A history of repeated
external and domestic shocks has made economic insecurity a
major concern across the region. Of particular concern to
all households, especially the poorest segments of the

Within the next two decades Indonesia
aspires to generate prosperity, avoid a middle-income trap
and leave no one behind as it tries to catch up with
high-income economies. These are ambitious goals. Realizing
them requires sustained high growth and job creation, as

While the real sector and governments
(along with a few micro economists) have long recognized the
core economic role that the insurance function plays, the
mainstream economics profession has largely treated it as
invisible background. This literature review of the relevant

The report aims to understand the nature of vulnerability and recovery of selected coastal communities in Odisha since super-cyclone of 1999. With intensive fieldwork in eight sites across coastal Odisha, the report takes a detailed look at livelihood trajectories, processes of housing reconstruction and access to community-based NGOs and state assistance.

North Africa's coastal cities, long
benefitting from their ready access to commerce and culture,
also face distinct vulnerabilities due to their location.
Natural hazards and extreme weather patterns impose risks on
coastal areas that inland areas seldom encounter. North

This paper explores the challenges and opportunities that government officials face in designing coherent 'rules of the game' for achieving urban sustainability during times of growth. Sustainability is judged by three criteria. The first involves elements of day-to-day quality of life, such as having clean air and water and green space.

Durante los últimos seis meses, las zonas amazónicas de Bolivia, Brasil y Perú han compartido los impactos de inundaciones como un fenómeno de fuerza inusitada en comparación con las últimas décadas.

Poverty reduction strategies (PRSs)
provide a central framework for macroeconomic, structural,
and social policies in developing countries. Because of the
numerous and complex links between environment and poverty,
it is important that environmental issues are taken into