The purpose of this brief is to identify and summarize the critical bottlenecks related to the policy and regulatory environment, infrastructure, and public services that constrain the expansion and diversification of Rwanda’s intra-regional trade and value addition. Unlike Africa’s trade with the rest of the world which mainly consists of primary commodities, intra-regional agricultural trade in the continent is heavily dominated by processed products.

This document is developed for facilitators and researchers/advisors who support the participatory evaluation of CS-MAP results at community level. It provides a basic framework to conduct a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with participation of farmers, extension workers and village leaders. The Guidelines only describe the 3-step process and simple tools that are commonly applied in the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Rural Rapid Appraisal (RRA). The process can be adjusted depending on local bio-physical and social conditions.

The current study shows the results of an assessment of the performance of the seed sector in Egypt. It elaborates bottlenecks and ambitions towards the development of a well-functioning seed sector that is innovative, competitive, resilient and inclusive. Since seed system configurations vary among crops groups and even crops, it zooms in on seed systems of cereals, food legumes and vegetables, and subsequently synthesizes seed sector challenges and ambitions at sector level.

Environmental factors determine the suitability of natural habitats for crop pests and often facilitate their proliferation and that of the crop diseases they carry. Crop pests and diseases damage food crops, significantly reducing yields for these commodities and threatening food security in developing, predominantly agricultural economies. Given its impact on environmental factors, climate change is an important determinant of crop pest and disease distribution.

The purpose of this brief is to identify and summarize the critical bottlenecks related to the policy and regulatory environment, infrastructure, and public services that constrain the expansion and diversification of Kenya’s intra-regional trade and value addition. Unlike Africa’s trade with the rest of the world which mainly consists of primary commodities, intra-regional agricultural trade on the continent is heavily dominated by processed products.

This manuscript assesses how pastoralists adapt to climate change in achieving food security, with respect to the existing gender power relations in Tanzania. Although various studies have been conducted on climate change and gender, information with a strong focus on climate change adaptation strategies, food security and gender power relations, particularly in Tanzania, is scarce.

Context assessment of the Agroecological Living Landscape (ALL) where the activities of the CGIAR Initiative on Agroecology are implemented. The All is situated in the Fatick department in the southeast of the groundnut basin.

Tajikistan, one of the least urbanized countries in Central Asia, is prone to natural disasters, disruptions in rainfall, rising temperatures, reductions in glacial cover, and extreme weather events. Agriculture and energy sectors are the highest emitters of greenhouse gases. The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan acknowledges the problems and risks posed by climate change and is working to address them.

Cognizant of the centrality of food systems
in a rapidly urbanizing world amidst
environmental and health risks, the
Resilient Cities Initiative will strengthen
capacities for research and innovation in
the management of urban food systems in
Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
As part of this initiative, the CIPimplemented
Philippine project aims
to improve urban food systems by
strengthening enterprise capacities of
informal vendors, thereby helping to
improve food supply and diets of the

The Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) Project builds on the initiatives and achievements under the CGIAR Research Program on the Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) in Africa. With a focus on climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies and on climate information services (CIS), the AICCRA project includes an important capacity development component for the benefit of six (6) countries in Africa.

We combine nationally representative data from Nigeria with spatiotemporal data from remote sensing and other sources to study how young migrants respond to observable characteristics of potential destinations, both in absolute terms and relative to origin locations. Migrants prefer destinations with better welfare, land availability and intensity of economic activity. We also find that migrants prefer shorter distances and those destinations with better urban amenities and infrastructure. However, responses vary by type of migrant and migration.

The agroecology policy tracker is designed to accommodate policy and institutional objectives and progress at the national and Agroecology Living Landscape (ALL) level. It will have to be decided which policy making or administrative level best corresponds to the ALL in each country. In Kenya for example, there has been alignment in the selection of the ALL with the administrative level of a county. Therefore, the team should review policy and institutional opportunities at the county level as well as national level. In India, it would be the state level.