The livestock sector plays a major role in the Kenyan food system, contributing about 12 percent of the country’s overall GDP and 40 percent of agricultural GDP, and employing about half of the agricultural labor force (Kenya Markets Trust 2019a). The livestock sector also contributes 22 percent of food system GDP.

Climate change represents a major challenge to food systems. It is associated not only with rising average temperatures but also with less predictable weather and changes in humidity, with severe consequences for agricultural production, input markets, aggregation, processing, distribution, and consumption. Negative impacts on food production can raise consumer prices, potentially leading to social unrest and conflict; increased temperatures and changes in humidity require stronger cold chains and improved storage facilities to avoid postharvest damage (de Brauw and Pacillo 2022).

The Gender Equality in Agrifood Systems: Indicator List (GEASIL) is aimed at stakeholders who strive to address gender inequalities in value chains and require effective gender-responsive monitoring systems to track progress and guide decision-making. It is a consolidated list of nearly 400 illustrative indicators, selected and curated from over 1,500 original indicators identified in a scoping review. The list of indicators is not exhaustive and can be used in combination with other searchable indicator databases.

Conflict between farmers and livestock herders, normally pastoralists, has received heightened attention over the last two decades. However, primary research on the causes of these conflicts is scarce.

A report of restoration trials being conducted by ILRI to assess the viability and impacts of short-resting and use of exclosures in pastoral communities implementing partictipatory rangeland management (PRM) in Baringo County, Kenya

Social protection programs (SPPs) are designed to help individuals and households cope with chronic poverty, destitution, and vulnerability. In the context of food systems, SPPs can help tackle the challenge of affordability of healthy diets. Nutrition-sensitive SPPs include conditions or additional interventions that enhance impacts on nutrition.

The CGIAR Research Initiative on Climate Resilience (ClimBeR) addresses critical challenges smallholder farmers face in Senegal and similar regions due to climate change. The collaboration with the National Agricultural Insurance Company (CNAAS) to promote the uptake of agricultural insurance, particularly index-based insurance, is a noteworthy strategy.

With the ever-increasing rates of malnutrition, both overnutrition and undernutrition, improving agricultural and consumption practices globally plays a critical role in supporting sustainable diets.

The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) launched a pilot radio program to assess the potential of disseminating sheep fattening technologies to smallholder farmers using radio as a communication medium. This mid-term review aims to provide initial insight about the progress made six months after the program rollout.