The Karen State of Kawthoolei has been heavily dependent on teak extraction to fund the Karen National
Union struggle against the Burmese military junta, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC).
Raymond Bryant explores the social and economic structure of Kawthoolei, and the way in which resource
extraction was more than simply a source of revenue � it was also an integral part of the assertion of Karen
sovereignty...

Working Paper No: APFSOS/WP/08
Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry, Myanmar

This Act provides for the management and conservation of forestry resources in Malawi.

La deuda externa, la creciente dependencia tecnológica, el sesgo en la injusta distribución de la tierra, la presión del mercado internacional sobre las materias primas carburantes y no carburantes existentes en la selva, la irracionalidad extractiva y otra serie de factores, son los causantes de la desestabilización ecológica en la región amazónica

The National Policy on Forests developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry is a nation-wide sectoral document for designating the complex of actions shaping relations between humankind and forests, with the aim of preserving the conditions for the indefinite maintenance of the multi-functionality of forests, their multi-faceted utility and protection and their role in the shaping of the natural environment, in line with the present and future expectations of society.

These Regulations are formulated in accordance with Law on Conservation of Water and Soil of the People’s Republic of China, aiming to prevent and control the water loss and soil erosion, protect and make rational use of resources of water and soil, reduce floods and droughts, improve the ecological environment.

The Law provides rules on different types of protection zones, protected areas, and protection strips, which are specified in laws and other regulatory enactments. Its purpose is to determine the types of protection zones and the functions thereof; the basic principles for the establishment of protection zones; the procedures for the maintenance and control of the condition of protection zones; and restrictions of economic activity in protection zones.

Forests potentially contribute to global climate change through their influence on the global carbon (C) cycle. They store large quantities of C in vegetation and soil, exchange C with the atmosphere through photosynthesis and respiration, are sources of atmospheric C when they are disturbed, become atmospheric C sinks during abandonment and regrowth after disturbance, and can be managed to alter their role in the C cycle. The world's forest contain about 830 Pg C (1015 g) in their vegetation and soil, with about 1.5 times as much in soil as in vegetation.

Conflicting interests in land and resource use emerged in postwar Mozambique, giving rise to multiple layers of dispute. This article explores the disputes occurring between 1992 and 1995 in two districts which are notable for the severity of competition over land by virtue of their proximity to Maputo, namely, Matutuíne and Namaacha. Although private sector claims were beginning to be staked with the potential for displacing people occupying the same land, other conflicts still predominated.

In the literature about macroeconomics and deforestation, it is often supposed that strong foreign exchange outflows (e.g. debt service) increase deforestation, as higher poverty augments frontier migration and natural resources are squeezed to generate export revenues. This paper analyses the opposite phenomenon, i.e. the deforestation impact of substantial foreign exchange inflows, which is analysed in the "Dutch Disease" macroeconomics literature.