Are Biofuels Economically Competitive with Their Petroleum Counterparts? Production Cost Analysis for Zambia
With increased global interest in biofuels, Zambia, a Sub-
Saharan African country that entirely depends on imports
for its petroleum supply, is planning to implement
blending mandates for biofuels. But, a large number
of issues—including production costs of biofuels, land
requirements to meet the mandates, and environmental
benefits—have not yet been explored. This study aims to
contribute in filling this gap. It finds that depending on
feedstock type, costs of ethanol production range from