An increasing body of evidence shows that forest governance and tenure reforms are central to mitigating a number of problems related to forests, and seriously affect forest-dependent people. On this backdrop, this assessment of South Asian forest tenure systems was initiated to provide a greater understanding of the tenure trends and status in the region that can potentially inform the policy process. This is the synthesis report of forest tenure assessments prepared by country consultants in six countries in South Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, China and Pakistan.

These Regulations make provision for the declaration, administration and management of wildlife management areas and the establishment of Community Based Organizations for such administration and management. They also provide for non-consumptive and consumptive utilisation of resources of wildlife management areas, the resolution of disputes and management of conflicts in such areas and define offences.Any village intending to designate an area as a Wildlife Management Area shall first establish a Community Based Organization in the manner prescribed under the Trustees’ Incorporation Act.

These By-laws, approved by the Minister in terms of section 90 of the Rural District Councils Act, shall apply to communal and resettlement land within the Makonde Rural District Council. They allow the Makonde Rural District Council to prepare a plan for- (a) all communal or resettlement land within the Council area; or (b) any ward or combination of wards in communal and resettlement land within the Council area; or (c) any part of award or wards in communal and resettlement land within the Council area. The By-laws set out the procedure for preparation and adoption of the Plan.

The Government of the UK and Norway have supported the production of an independent report to help inform the decision-making process on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) at the upcoming United Nations climate change negotiations in Doha in December 2012.

Trees and forests play important roles in reducing landslide risk through various mechanisms. Tree roots reinforce soil layers, anchor the soil to bedrock and form buttresses against soil movement. Trees also reduce landslide risk by lowering soil moisture levels – interception, evaporation and transpiration are the primary mechanisms. These mechanisms, and others, also make trees valuable in land reclamation following landslides.

This review outlines livestock's major emission pathways and production trends, and explores the challenges and options for livestock in addressing and coping with climate change. Ruminant production is, and will continue to be, the chief source of the livestock sector's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as a result of deforestation, land degradation and enteric fermentation.

The District Forestry of the Duchy of Lauenburg (Schleswig-Holstein) changed silvicultural system in beech forests from 'shelterwood with delayed clearance' to 'group selection felling' due to economic, political and nature conservation reasons. The comparison of both systems showed advantages of group selection system regarding growth of valuable large diameter trees and higher overall income of

Since 2000, US$ 2.0-2.7 billion has been invested in feedstock cultivation for biofuel in 16 forest-rich countries, mostly in oil palm and sugarcane. An additional US$ 5.7-6.7 billion has been invested in biofuel production, especially sugar-based ethanol. While investments in some countries are driven by domestic policies to reduce fossil fuel imports, most are export driven. Sugar-based ethanol offers more opportunities to capture value added than biodiesel feedstocks which are amenable to export and processing abroad.

A partir de 2005, se produce una caída consistente y significativa de las tasas de deforestación en la Amazonía brasileña. La tasa anual pasó de 27. 400 km² en 2004 a 6.500 km² en 2010 - el nivel más bajo desde el inicio de las mediciones anuales en 1988.

These guidelines have been developed based on FAO’s and WOCAT’s extensive experience. The book draws, in particular, on WOCAT’s network and its database of SLM knowledge - as well as on WOC AT’s first overview book entitled ‘Where the land is greener’. These guidelines were implemented in the framework of the TerrAfrica partnership, whose main objective is to mainstream and upscale SLM in SSA, through the leveraging and harmonising of multisectoral investments at the local, country, subregional and regional levels.

Dryland mountains are among the least-known environments in the world, and certainly one of the most overlooked by decision- and policy-makers. Dryland mountains have an outstanding strategic value. They act as water towers for surrounding dry lowland areas, as shown by the examples of the Rocky Mountains of North America, the Central Andes, the mountains of the Mediterranean Basin, the Sahara and Sub-Saharan Africa, West Asia, and Central Asia

The Community Carbon Accounting (CCA) Action Research Project was launched with the intention of elaborating approaches for engaging communities in forest carbon stock monitoring.