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The discussion paper 40 represents the results of an analysis for determining influencing factorson profits and profitability of Russian enterprises in the region of Omsk. Based on the finalyearly reports of the enterprises it is shown, that in Russia five earning ratios can be distinguished:the gross profit, the profit on sales, the profit before taxes, the profit on ordinaryactivity, and the net profit. The gross profit and the profit on sales are similar for all testedenterprises. Therefore, in this article only the gross profit, or the profitability of the grossprofit are discussed. For the year 2000, the average profitability of the gross profit of the examinedenterprises amounted to 2,0 %. The profitability on the basis of the profit before taxeswas 6,4 %, the profitability of the profit on ordinary activity -9,8 %, and the profitability ofthe net profit amounted to -16,0 %. When compared with the profit before taxes, the reducedprofit on ordinary activity is caused by taxes and similar tributes which are notably higher thanthe governmental subsidies granted to the enterprises. The extremely low profitability rate of-16 % based on the net profit is additionally influenced by extraordinary tributes, caused bylocusts in this case.However, if the enterprises would not have costs for supporting the households, and if thegovernment would assume the costs for the social infrastructure of the village, a duty it is incharge of by law, all four earning ratios would be positive: 26,4 %; 31,8 %; 11,8 %; 4,1 % respectively.The regression analyses show that the earning and the profitability ratios are positively influencedby the material factors fuel consumption, number of cows and milking performance per cow and year. In contrast, the number of tractors and, for net profit, the number of permanentemployees have a negative effect on these parameters. The regression analyses based on financialfactors demonstrate the significant positive or respectively negative influence of theproceeds and the costs. Furthermore, there are veritable positive effects of subsidies andnegative influences of taxes and extraordinary tributes. Detailed consideration of costs showsthat material usage have positive, and amortisation and remuneration of work negative effects.As particularly shown by the factor and cluster analyses, the profits decline with increasing grassland and forest area.
