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Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.
Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) has long dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the PKK and the Turkish Government agreed to a cease-fire, but fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession membership talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years.
From 2015 and continuing in 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence. The attacks have included bombings in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup at key government and infrastructure locations in Ankara and Istanbul. An estimated 300 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested and/or dismissed thousands of military personnel, journalists, and civil servants, including judges and educators, over their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a three-month State of Emergency in July 2016 that was extended in October 2016. The Turkish Government is considering changing Turkey to an executive presidency.
Turkey is a parliamentary republic.
Source: CIA World Factbook
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Displaying 26 - 30 of 83Regulation repealing the Regulation on sales procedure of olive, fig, hazelnut, citrus and fruit plantation areas owned by foundations.
This Decision of the Council of Ministers declares that the Regulation on sales procedure of olive, fig, hazelnut, citrus and fruit plantation areas owned by foundations of 1953 is repealed. The decision consists of three provisions which are governed by the Council of Ministers.
Repeals: Regulation implementing Law No. 6092 on sales procedure of olive, fig, hazelnut, citrus and fruit plantation areas owned by foundations. (1953-11-20)
Regulation on the rules and procedures of the duties and functioning of the Agricultural Drought Management Board.
This Regulation establishes an Agricultural Drought Management Board aiming at monitoring, performing risk assessments and reducing the effects of agricultural drought. This Decree covers water management, agricultural techniques, seed and plant diversity, irrigation techniques, economic and social support, planning of pasture feeding and land use, pest management and any measures to implement urgent action and restrictions in arid and irrigated agricultural land. The Regulation covers rules and procedures on the functioning and duties of the Agricultural Drought Management Board.
Decree by the Council of Ministers No. 2014/7089 amending the Decree by the Council of Ministers No. 2009/15173 on the determination of farmlands.
This Decree by the Council of Ministers makes minor amendments in Article 1 of the Decree No 2009/15173 by changing the name of the ‘Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs’ to the ‘Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock’. The Decree further makes changes in the annex 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25 and 29 providing for the designated regions of agricultural lands.
Implements: Agriculture Law No.5488. (2006-04-18)
Amends: Decree by the Council of Ministers on the determination of farmlands No. 2009/15173. (2009-06-29)
Decree by the Council of Ministers No. 2015/7941 regarding declaration of the Saraçlı area in Ünye district in Ordu as area under risk of natural disasters.
This Decree sets forth that the Council of Ministers declares that Saraçlı area in Ünye district in Ordu to be an area under risk of natural disasters, based on Article 2 of Law No. 6306 on restructuring of areas under risk of natural disasters, upon request of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization.
Implements: Law No. 6306 on restructuring of areas under risk of natural disasters. (2012-05-16)
Law No. 6544 amending the Law on organization and duties of the Directorate General of Land and Cadastre.
This Law amends the Law No 6083 on the organization and duties of the Directorate General of Land and Cadastre by adding two new clauses to Article 8. Clause (6) sets forth provisions regarding circulating capital service charges whereas Clause (7) provides for legal persons excluded from encashment of service charges.
Amends: Law No.6083 on organization and duties of the Directorate General of Land and Cadastre. (2010-11-25)