A pro-growth, pro-poor transport
strategy (PGPTS) responsive to the second generation poverty
reduction strategies (SGPRSs) and the millennium development
goals (MDGs) are essential instruments to promote transport
development that facilitates economic growth and poverty
reduction. However, the national poverty reduction and
transport strategy reviews, undertaken by Sub-Saharan Africa
Transport Policy Program (SSATP) member countries, and the

Costa Rica's Program of Payments
for Environmental Services (Pago de Servicios Ambientales,
PSA) provides a unique opportunity to evaluate direct
payments as a conservation policy tool. This paper reports
evidence on how much more forest has been conserved in Costa
Rica as a result of PSA contracts with landowners. Such
evidence requires estimating a counterfactual outcome: how
much forest would have been preserved if there had been no

This report analyzes some key aspects of
food security, namely production, trade, markets and food
aid at the national level, and consumption at the household
level. In doing so it aspires to make a contribution to the
on-going work in Afghanistan regarding the attainment of the
poverty and hunger Millennium Development Goal. The major
findings of the report can be summarized as follows: Food
security (at the national level) does not necessarily

This teaching tool provides a basic
understanding of food quality issues in developing countries
and introduces the reader to Hazard Analysis Critical
Control Points (HACCP) and other dominant methodologies for
improving food quality. Quality has long been a factor in
the success of food trade transactions; however, recent food
safety issues have propelled quality control to the
forefront of international trade concerns. Now with the

High inequality in Africa is something
of a paradox: Africa should be a low-inequality continent
according to the Kuznets hypothesis (because African
countries are poor and agriculture-based), and also because
land (the main asset) is widely shared. The author's
hypothesis is that African inequality is politically
determined. Yet in the empirical analysis, despite the
introduction of several political variables, there is still

Agriculture and fisheries are the main pillars of Mozambique's economy, having contributed in the last few years to more than 25 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and around 7 to 11 percentage points of the rate of economic growth. Agricultural development in Mozambique has been part of the government agenda because it is crucial to reducing poverty within rural zones.

La construction du barrage de Kandadji au Niger aura, entre autres, pour conséquences l’appropriation de terres de culture, propriété de détenteurs coutumiers mais dans beaucoup de cas sous-exploitations d’autres personnes non-propriétaires. L’État a proposé un bail emphytéotique d’une durée de 50 ans pour les propriétaires, en compensation de leurs droits de propriété expropriés.

A partir de l’année 2004, l’Etat marocain a décidé de concéder son patrimoine foncier à des promoteurs privés dans le cadre d’un partenariat public-privé. Une dynamique de privatisation et d’appropriation est lancée à laquelle participent des acteurs privés nationaux et étrangers et offre un bon exemple du phénomène d’accaparement des terres.

Gendered relations in resource access and farming are two important intersecting themes of gender studies in a northern rural context. However, conventional analysis and perceptions of the economy conceal the contribution of women within families, in businesses and in the labor market. This article demonstrate the significance of capital to farming women’s engagement with agriculture using a Swedish case study, based on descriptive analyses of data from the Federation of Swedish Farmers.

Although Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices are expected to boost adaptive capacity, food security and climate change mitigation in resource poor, smallholder farming systems, the barriers that can restrict its uptake are diverse. This study investigated the barriers hindering CSA practice adoption in the Santander department of Colombia as well as farmer perceptions of practice benefits and disadvantages.

Although Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices are expected to boost adaptive capacity, food security and climate change mitigation in resource poor, smallholder farming systems, the barriers that can restrict their uptake are diverse. This study investigated the principal barriers hindering the adoption of CSA practices in the Upper West region of Ghana with the aim of inventorying existing uptake of CSA and providing recommendations to CCAFS as to practices with potential for further research or implementation on the farm level.

The Review of CGIAR Research Program Governance and Management was requested by the CGIAR Consortium and

approved by the Fund Council in November 2012. The Independent Evaluation Arrangement (IEA) is responsible for the review, which was carried out between June 2013 and January 2014. At the time the review was initiated, Consortium Research Programs (CRP) governance and management structures were in place or approved for each CRP. This enabled