This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Colombia, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Colombia has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one
under preparation. Agriculture (including land use change

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Panama, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Panama has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with a second one
under preparation. Land use change and forestry are by far

Contrary to popular perception, Europe
and Central Asia (ECA) countries are significantly
threatened by climate change, with serious risks already in
evidence. The vulnerability and adaptive capacity of ECA
countries to climate change over the next two decades will
be dominated by socio-economic factors and legacy issues.
The next decade offers a window of opportunity for ECA to
make its development more resilient to climate change while

The note reviews the cultural role of
traditional healers in communities in Ghana, and Zambia, as
one of the best hopes for treating, and stemming the spread
of AIDS. However, healers rely on medicinal plants which
have significantly decreased, as their habitats are lost
through deforestation, cultivation, overgrazing, burning
droughts, and desertification among others. This has been
exacerbated by poor management of local, and international

An issue which has generated much
concern has been the potential link between low incomes and
resource degradation. This report presents the results of a
study which investigated this question. Machakos District is
a relatively low income and agriculturally marginal district
in Kenya. Before World War II the colonial administration
was concerned that land degradation was becoming severe
under the pressure of population, aggravated by drought. The

Elizabeth Vargas Solá (*)

This country note for Armenia is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for three pilot countries in the Southern Caucasus Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in Southern Caucasus Agricultural systems.

Documento final de la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas Rio +20 llevada a cabo en Rio de Janeiro - Brasil del 20 al 22 de junio de 2012.

This study examines the impact of
climate change on crop farming in Cameroon. The
country's economy is predominantly agrarian and
agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources remain
the driving force for the country's economic
development. Fluctuations in national income are due not
merely to the decline in world demand for Cameroon's
traditional agricultural exports or to mistakes in economic

The scale of investment needed to slow
greenhouse gas emissions is larger than governments can
manage through transfers. Therefore, climate change policies
rely heavily on markets and private capital. This is
especially true in the case of the Kyoto Protocol with its
provisions for trade and investment in joint projects. This
paper describes institutions and policies important for new
carbon markets and explains their origins. Research efforts

This report assesses the economic
impacts of climate change on agriculture in Zambia, using
the Ricardian method. A multiple linear regression model
with net revenue per hectare as response variable has been
fitted with climate, hydrological, soil, and socioeconomic
variables as explanatory variables. There is one main
cropping season in Zambia, lasting from November to April.
Crop production in this period depends solely on rains.

Based on a literature review and expert
interviews, this paper analyzes the most important climate
impacts on development goals and explores relevant
institutions in the context of mainstreaming climate
adaptation into development assistance in Mozambique.
Climate variability and change can significantly hinder
progress toward attaining the Millennium Development Goals
and poverty aggravates the country's climate