The Constitution of Kenya 2010 apportions responsibility of planning to both National and County governments. The County Government Act, 2012 obligates county governments to prepare and implement County Integrated Development Plans (CIDP). The CIDPs are, according to the act, five year plans that will form the basis of annual budgetary allocation by the county governments.

RESUMO A subirrigação requer que a definição do manejo hídrico e nutricional seja adequada ao equipamento e à cultura a ser cultivada para obter elevada eficiência de irrigação em comparação a outros sistemas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros operacionais de uma mesa de subirrigação em condições teóricas e experimentais, com a determinação do tempo de permanência da água no interior do equipamento para diferentes valores de lâmina e de vazões de adução.

The Paraná delta, growing at a rate of c. 2 km2 yr-1 since 6,000 yrs, is one of the most complete record of late Holocene in southern South America. The evolution of this 17,400 km2 delta enclosed in Plata estuary, can be tracked by a series of 343 successive coastal-ridge showing a c.11 years period, in coincidence with sunspot cycle, also found in some North Hemisphere coastal-ridge successions.

We are currently seeing the development of a set of laws and practices preventing artisanal fishermen and their communities from having rights to fishing stock. The topic of halieutic resources generally provokes little interest when raised in relation to natural resources grabbing, despite the fact that millions of people’s income earning rely on fishing and aquaculture1. In the same way, fishing is vital to ensuring global food security. In many countries, fish is the largest source of high-quality animal protein for people and form an important part of their diet.

On assiste actuellement au développement d’un ensemble de lois et de pratiques qui excluent les pêcheurs artisanaux et leurs communautés du contrôle des ressources halieutiques. Lorsque l’on évoque les phénomènes d’accaparements, un intérêt très faible et secondaire est généralement accordé à la question des ressources halieutiques. Pourtant, la pêche et l’aquaculture sont à la base de la survie économique de millions de personnes1. De même, l’activité halieutique est essentielle pour garantir la sécurité alimentaire mondiale.

Asistimos actualmente al desarrollo de un conjunto de leyes y de prácticas que excluyen a los pescadores artesanales y a sus comunidades del control de los recursos pesqueros. Cuando se trata el tema de los fenómenos de acaparamiento, la cuestión de los recursos pesqueros se considera secundaria y despierta escaso interés. Sin embargo, la pesca y la acuicultura son fundamentales para la supervivencia económica de millones de personas1 . Además, la actividad pesquera resulta esencial para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria mundial.

The dominant agricultural model, based on the abusive and destructive use of natural resources, leads us into a health, social, ecological, climatic, economic and cultural impasse.

In the North as in the South a regulatory arsenal limits the rights of peasants to exchange and reproduce their seeds. The privatization of seeds, the first link in the food chain, and the growing control over them by multinational companies seeking to increase their monopoly by imposing hybrid seeds and GMOs poses a threat to global sovereignty and food security.

El modelo agrícola dominante, basado en un uso abusivo y destructor de los recursos naturales, nos va a llevar a un apuro sanitario, social, ecológico, climático, económico y cultural.

Le modèle agricole dominant, basé sur un usage abusif et destructeur des ressources naturelles, nous conduit dans une impasse sanitaire, sociale, écologique, climatique, économique et culturelle.