Dry forests in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cover approximately 43% of the continent. They are inhabited by nearly 236 million people, many of these the poorest in the world. A majority of the population of these regions is dependent on traditional energy sources (i.e., firewood, charcoal and organic wastes), subsistence farming, generally free-ranging livestock, and products harvested from the dry forests. Growing pressure on dry forest resources to meet human and socioeconomic development needs mean that dry forests are increasingly being utilised unsustainably.

Theory and seaborne measurements are presented for the near infrared (NIR: 700–900 nm) water-leaving reflectance in turbid waters. According to theory, the shape of the NIR spectrum is determined largely by pure water absorption and is thus almost invariant. A ‘‘similarity’’ NIR reflectance spectrum is defined by normalization at 780 nm. This spectrum is calculated from seaborne reflectance measurements and is compared with that derived from laboratory water absorption measurements. Factors influencing the shape of the similarity spectrum are analyzed

Deze quickscan geeft een overzicht van kennisontwikkeling over adaptatie aan klimaatverandering binnen de (BSIK)-programma’s en gerelateerd onderzoek die lopen bij kennisinstellingen. Dit wordt gedaan ten behoeve van het Adaptatieprogramma Ruimte en Klimaat (ARK).

Voor een duurzame landbouw is maatwerk nodig op bedrijfsniveau. Het rapport “Biodiversiteit en bodembeheer in de landbouw” maakt op dit niveau zichtbaar hoe een duurzaam bodembeheer, inclusief de optimalisering van het mineralenmanagement, hand in hand kan gaan met het benutten van bodembiodiversiteit. De onderbouwing van dit perspectief is mogelijk gemaakt door metingen aan bodembiodiversiteit in 2004-2006 binnen het project Bodem, Bedrijf en Biodiversiteit (BBB) aangevuld met literatuurstudie.

The results of birth growth investigation in the 9 year old plantation on the abandoned podzolic soils of agriculture lands are assumed. The planting density was 1100; 1600; 2500; 5000 and 1000 plants per hectare. The average heights have reached 5.31 and 5.36 m, but average DBH 5.38 and 5.36 cm in the plots with 10 000 and 5000 trees per hectare accordingly. The average height has reached 6.47; 6.65 and 6.73 m but average DBH 7.17; 6.67 and 7.38 cm in the plots with 2500; 1000 and 111 trees per hectare accordingly.

En los últimos 25 años se le ha dado importancia creciente a la producción de tecnología y otras formas de creación de conocimientos con valor comercial en las universidades en todo el mundo. En este trabajo se evalúa el desempeño de las universidades chilenas como productoras de conocimientos con valor comercial restringido a la propiedad intelectual con aplicaciones industriales en los últimos 10 años. La expresión cuantificable de esto son las patentes industriales, los modelos de utilidad y los diseños industriales.

Focuses on legal and institutional aspects of children’s property and inheritance rights in Southern and East Africa. Discusses violations of those rights and how the spread of HIV and AIDS has contributed to this. Assesses some norms of customary law that aim to protect these rights and some which complicate and limit children’s ability to maintain their rights. Reviews and assesses selection of international and national laws. Identifies several gaps in law and policy. Reviews National Plans of Action for orphans and vulnerable children.

The year 2005 was an important milestone in the efforts of ICARDA and its partners in meeting the global challenges of agriculture in dry areas through the application of science. In an assessment of all 15 CGIAR Centers (based on science quality and relevance, impacts, partnerships, and financial and institutional health), conducted by the CGIAR in collaboration with the Science Council and the World Bank, ICARDA was rated outstanding" - one of only two centers to receive this rating.