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Legal and institutional incentives for local environmental management

Journal Articles & Books
декабря, 1996
Africa

This chapter explores the possibilities and limits of law and institutions as instruments for generating changes in environmental behaviour. First, an overview of the different schools of thought on law and natural resources is presented. It appears that the overall trend with regard to land and common property resources is orientated towards: 1) a bottom-up/sociological approach to the law-making process, and 2) devolution of powers to local communities in a setting of comanagement.

Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA No. 40 of 1996).

Legislation
декабря, 1996
India

This Act, as referred to in Clause (1) of art. 244 of the Constitution, amends part IX of the Constitution, related to Panchayats Extension to the Scheduled Areas. Part IX of the Constitution relating to Panchayats is extended to the Scheduled Areas subject to such exceptions and modifications, as provided in section 4.

In land we trust: environment, private property and constitutional change.

Journal Articles & Books
ноября, 1996
Kenya

The relationship between land ownership and the sustainable use of natural resources is examined within the context of constitutional change in Africa. Using Kenya as an example, it is demonstrated that current constitutional arrangements put excessive emphasis on the protection of private property rights without requiring the corresponding duty of ecological stewardship. This has resulted in the failure of government policies and development practices to fully integrate environmental considerations into growth strategies.

Cultural issues in land information systems

декабря, 1995
Fiji
Oceania
Eastern Asia

Considers the cultural dimension of applying the land information system (LIS) concept to lands held under customary land tenure. The article recognizes that the LIS concept has been developed primarily to serve the needs of countries with a western-style land market where individual land rights are the norm. However, many countries where customary landholdings exist, or predominate, are also interested in establishing LISs to manage their land resources better. The article has three main sections.

Policy and legislation

Journal Articles & Books
ноября, 1993
Finland
Nicaragua
Chile
Mexico
Italy

Over the past two decades, perspectives on the role of the forest for society have evolved and broadened dramatically; the relatively narrow official view of the forest as primarily a source of wood and a form of protection for upland water resources has been seriously questioned and sometimes even violently opposed in favour of an approach that reflects a wider range of present and future opportunities and demands from forests and forest resources.

Selling wealth to buy poverty: the process of the individualization of landownership among the Maasai pastoralists of Kajiado district, Kenya, 1890-1990

Journal Articles & Books
декабря, 1992
Kenya

This thesis gives an overview of the Maasai livestock economy as it has developed between 1890 and 1990. Particularly, it analyses the processes and policies of land use and landownership of the Maasai pastoral areas in Kajiado district, Kenya, from the arrival of the Europeans until the recent massive individualization of land tenure. The loss of grazing pastures due to increased cultivation, the establishment of game parks and mineral exploitation is said to undermine the livestock economy of Maasai pastoralists in Kajiado district.

Ley Nº 1.833 - Crea la Comisión Legal para la Protección de los Derechos de las Comunidades Negras o Población Afrocolombiana del Congreso de la República de Colombia.

Legislation
июня, 1992
Colombia

La presente Ley modifica y adiciona la Ley Nº 5 de 1992 que expide el Reglamento del Congreso, el Senado y la Cámara de Representantes de Colombia, tiene por objeto crear la Comisión Legal para la Protección de los Derechos de las Comunidades Negras o Población Afrocolombiana, con el fin de asegurar la protección de los derechos colectivos e individuales en el mejoramiento de sus condiciones y calidad de vida a partir de la gestión legislativa, institucional, organizativa, y el control político que realicen los Congresistas afrocolombianos a través de esta Comisión Legal.La Comisión Legal p