Many farmlands were destroyed by big flood disaster in 2012 that was occurred in Yame and Ukiha city, Fukuoka prefecture at northern Kyushu, Japan. In this paper, I described the case study that has been deployed the volunteer activities for farmland restoration after the flood disaster in the hilly and mountainous areas. The purpose of this study is to clarify the outline of the activities in three regions and to show the types of the volunteer groups of farmland restoration. Interview survey was conducted with each volunteer group's manager and collecting that materials.

The purpose of this study is to show the administrative institutions and acts for the unused farmlands in hilly and mountainous areas. The Nagano City Agricultural Commitee surveyed the farmland used in 2013, and produced a survey in collaboration with the members of their committee as well as other farmers. In this survey, it was shown that almost all the unused farmlands were kept as forests and thus, couldn't be cultivated. Before the 1970s, silk was produced in Nagano City, and so almost all the unused farmlands were used for mulberry production which supported the silk industry.

In a course of the research there was studied identification of problems and directions of improvement of agrarian land use. The research was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The possibility of practical application of results of estimation of production potential of agricultural organizations and ecological state of territory for economically-functional zoning of agricultural lands was examined.

The Land Act, 2012

The Land Registration Act, 2012

The National Land Commission Act, 2012

The Environment & Land Court Act, 2011

The Urban Areas & Cities Act, 2011

From colonial to modern times, Brazilian agricultural property has remained immersed in a chaotic vortex of deregulation. Attempts of institutional reform - such as the Lei de Terras (Land Law) of 1850 - have been largely unsuccessful, whilst providing legal grounds for land grab by large estates and narrowing the scope of possibilities open for legitimate reevaluations of the first institutional landmark on land use and ownership in the country - the sesmarias.

Brazil has the fifth-largest national land area in the world and this land resource represents a critical asset for the country’s urban, agricultural, and economic development, also providing essential environmental services. Nevertheless, it has a historical lack of governance over its lands, failing to provide secure land rights and to control the extensive frauds resulting in public and private land grabs. The objective of this study is to depict evidence of these land grabs and propose a typology for analyzing them.

This paper investigated the cause of abandoned farm land in hilly and mountainous area and proposed correspondence to cope with this problem. The progress of depopulation is also violent, and the population will be almost reduced by half from 1960 in fiscal year 1980. The farmland of the ratio of the abandoned cultivated land made a forest is also abundant 20% and in those. Through the investigation and the field survey focusing on the home pattern and the farmland condition, the generation factor of the abandoned cultivated land was analyzed.