Cities' development matters to
Pakistan. It is central to economic growth, job creation and
quality of life. This is also one of the core themes in the
2011 Government of Pakistan Framework for Economic Growth
(FEG). This paper explores the conditions for
growth-enhancing spatial change in Pakistan s cities.
Cities' development matters to Pakistan. Two strands of
analysis are developed. First, it reviews the performance

This was a presentation at a Workshop on Development of an Interim Framework for the National Land Use Classification Standard, Methodology and Symbology for South Africa.  It shows why land use and land cover are not the same, why land use often cannot be determined from imagery alone, and why land use, zoning and planning are not the same.

This Decision approves the master plan on socio-economic development of Cao Bang province through 2020, with a vision toward 2025 (below referred to as the master plan) with the following principal contents: 1. The master plan on socio-economic development of Cao Bang province through 2020, with a vision toward 2025 must conform to the national socio-economic development strategy, the master plan on socio-economic development in the northern midland and mountainous region and ensure consistency with the sectoral development master plans. 2.

This study reviews Malawi's
policies in the biomass, rural electrification, and
non-biomass renewable energy sub-sectors to identify
problems and constraints to progress and to propose
policies, initiatives, and institutional structures to
overcome those problems and constraints. The main
recommendations of this report to the Government of Malawi
are as follows: 1) reform the present legislative and

The Food and Nutrition Security Policy and Action Plan constitute a national cross-sectoral strategic document of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Its main objective is to ensure long-term food and nutrition security and the enjoyment by all in the Caribbean Community Member States of the “right to food”.The document provides for elimination of hunger, food security and malnutrition. To this end, it sets out measures concerning implementation of a Zero Hunger Initiative which will reduce the level of hunger and undernourishment in St.

We describe a future land cover scenario construction process developed under consultation with a group of stakeholders from our study area. We developed a simple geographic information system (GIS) method to modify a land cover dataset and then used qualitative data extracted from the stakeholder storyline to modify it. These identified variables related to our study area’s land use regulation system as the major driver in the placement of new urban growth on the landscape; and the accommodation of new population as the determinant of its growth rate.

Cities present significant opportunities for new landscape perspectives that can help inform conservation and development decisions. Early in the twenty-first century, the majority of the planet’s population became urban as more people lived in city-regions for the first time in our history. As the global population increases, so does this urbanization. The environmental challenges of population and urban growth are profound. Landscapes represent a synthesis of natural and cultural processes. Cities are certainly cultural phenomena. Historically, cities provided refuge from nature.

In the last two decades, socio-economic changes in Europe have had a significant effect on land cover changes, but it is unclear how this has affected mountain areas. We focus on two mountain areas: the eastern Italian Alps and the Romanian Curvature Carpathians. We classified land cover from Earth observation data after 1989 by using applied remote sensing techniques. We also analyzed socio-economic data and conducted semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. In Italy, most of the land conversion processes followed long-term trends.

As soil is the basis of all terrestrial ecosystems, degraded soil means lower fertility, reduced biodiversity and reduced human welfare. Therefore the focus of this paper is on elucidating the influence of land use and land cover (LULC) change on two important soil quality indicators that are fundamental to effective measures for ameliorating soil degradation; namely soil acidity and soil salinity in the Lower Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia. First, Analysis of Variance was used to elucidate the effects of LULC categories on soil acidity and salinity.

The planning approach to prevailing small hydropower is still to be established. The varying characteristics of hydropower products such as type, color and shape may affect regional landscape characteristics. The objective of this study is to recognize the impact of potential landscape change by prevailing small hydropower in hilly and mountainous regions that are advantaged in water resources and natural landscape. The study areas were the Minamioguni Town and Itsuki Village in Kumamoto Prefecture.

SUMMARY:
"Since President

Thein

Sein

came

to

power

in

2011,

political

and

economic

reforms

in

Myanmar

have

led

to

greater

freedoms

and

unprecedented

optimism

for

the

country’s

future.

However,

in

communities

throughout

Myanmar,

authorities

continue

to

apply

repressive

laws

and

employ

practices

common

These Rules, consisting of 52 sections divided into twelve Parts, regulate Maharashtra Village Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas. They shall extend to all the Scheduled Areas in the State where the Act is in force. The Rules establishe composition duties and responsibilities of the Gram Sabha, entitled to safeguard and preserve the natural resources located in its area including traditional rights over water, forest, land and minerals as per local tradition and the spirit of the laws of the Central and State Governments.