FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and other development partners are working together with countries to prepare Voluntary Guidelines that will provide practical guidance to states, civil society, the private sector, donors and development specialists on the responsible governance of tenure. By setting out principles and internationally accepted standards for responsible practices, the Voluntary Guidelines will provide a framework and point of reference that stakeholders can use when developing their own policies and actions.

Land Tenure Working Paper 18. Presents the main themes that characterize the governance in land tenure and analyses the aspects related to the evolution of agricultural policy issues in various Central American countries. It also offers some examples and lessons learned from new models of land administration and land access mechanisms that Central American governments and International Cooperation have fostered over the past fifteen years in the Region. Available in Spanish

Land Tenure Working Paper 15. This publication brings to light the existing linkages between land tenure and the realization of the right to food. It points out that responsible governance of land requires the adoption of human rights-based approach in order to develop coherent and long term solutions to improve people’s livelihoods. The document presents the legal implications of the right to food at national level and provides a series of examples on the implementation of human rights principles and obligations into land tenure systems, policies, and institutional frameworks.

A publicação deste livro pretende ser um contributo do Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Económicos (IESE) para as reflexões e para os debates sobre o presente e o futuro de Moçambique.

Este é o segundo número da série “Desafios para Moçambique”, iniciada pelo IESE no ano de 2010, e que tem como objectivo primeiro contribuir para o debate público sobre temas relevantes da vida do país. Reflectindo a decisão editorial tomada no início da série, este livro reúne trabalhos de investigadores permanentes e associados do IESE e contribuições de outros autores de reconhecido mérito, numa construção única, mas rica, de diferentes experiências, abordagens e posições sobre algumas das grandes questões que a sociedade moçambicana enfrenta, ou deve enfrentar.

Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. Its 144,000 square kilometres are home to an estimated 150 million people. About 45 percent (2004) of them live below the national poverty line and around 36 percent are living on US$ 1 per day. Agriculture contributes largely to the national economy, with 60 percent of employment provided by the agricultural sector (including crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry) in 1995/6. Rural poverty is highest but urban poverty is growing.

... Protected areas (PAs) are important tools for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. PAs safeguard ecosystems and their services, such as water provision, food production, carbon sequestration and climate regulation, thus improving people’s livelihoods. They preserve the integrity of spiritual and cultural values placed by indigenous people on wild areas and offer opportunities of inspiration, study and recreation.

A experiência económica de Moçambique é frequentemente  apresentada como  um  exemplo  de  sucesso  na  promoção  de  rápido  crescimento  com estabilização e redução da pobreza. O grau e a robustez do sucesso económico moçambicano  são  determinados  pela  magnitude  das  taxas  de  variação,  isto  é, por quanto é que a economia cresce e a pobreza reduz, e por quão estáveis são (ou  por  quão  pouco  variam)  os  indicadores  monetários,  chave  da  abordagem monetarista de estabilização (inflação, reservas internacionais e taxa de câmbio).

Northern Uganda is the scene of one of the world’s most volatile and spontaneous processes of reintegration. There are approximately 1.1 to 1.4 million people in the Acholi sub-region at the time of writing3 ; 295,000 internally-displaced persons (IDPs) remain displaced either in IDP camps or transit sites. Approximately 800,000 Acholis have already left the camps and spontaneously returned home over the last three years.

Over 80% of all land in Uganda is held under unregistered ‘customary tenure’. This means that it is private property, but the owners need no documents to prove ownership. Their claims to the land, and the boundaries of the land, are locally recognised, and this recognition is given the full protection of State law.

Land reform and rural development are routinely presented as key components of the poverty reduction strategy driven by the State. The restitution programme occupies a particular place in the broader land reform programme as it specifically seeks to redress the land dispossession which took place since 1913 and to alleviate the impoverishment and suffering it caused. Restitution is a hugely challenging undertaking which involves much more than the verification of claimants and the restoration of land.

Vaste pays (1 284 000km²), très largement désertique, au moins au nord de la frontière naturelle que constitue le Chari, le Tchad comptait une population de 10 millions d’habitants en 2006, dont le taux de croissance est de 3,3 % la même année1. Comme le relevait déjà une étude de 1996, la part urbaine de cette population est en forte expansion (taux de croissance de 4,8 %, mais avec des pics pour N’Djamena, 6 %, et Moundou, la ville du pétrole, avec 4,8 %). Cette population urbaine représenterait àpeu près 20 % de la population2.