Safeguarding property rights of vulnerable people is an important policy issue, not least in the quest for poverty reduction in poor societies. This issue has become urgent due to recent developments, including the AIDS epidemic, globalization, climate change and other similar social and natural forces. This study sets out to assess the extent to which property and inheritance rights of widows and orphans are violated or protected in the context of HIV and AIDS in two rural communities in Tanzania.

En septembre 2008, le projet FAO-Dimitra a organis son troisime atelier avec tous ses partenaires Bruxelles sur le thme : Stratgies dinformation et de communication pour lutter contre les ingalits de genre en matire daccs la terre et leurs consquences sur les populations rurales en Afrique . Ce document prsente une synthse des travaux de la runion et les diffrents articles qui ont t produits par les participants, les partenaires du rseau et les collgues de la FAO, loccasion de cette rencontre.

Land lies at the heart of social, political and economic life in much of rural Africa. It provides a major source of livelihoods, income and employment; a basis for social and political relations; and has major historical, cultural and spiritual significance. In many places, rapid socio-economic changes are undermining the security of land access for poorer and more vulnerable groups – particularly in high-value lands such as peri-urban areas, irrigated schemes and fertile lands.

HIV and AIDS has exacerbated the vulnerability of orphaned children who are suffering in a vicious cycle of poverty, food insecurity, lack of access to education, and insecure livelihoods. Moreover, orphaned children are exposed to various forms of abuse by close family members, many of whom are their guardians. Movable and immovable properties that are left by their deceased parents are often confiscated by such guardians.

Compulsory acquisition is the power of government to acquire private rights in land without the willing consent of the owner or occupant in order to benefit society and is often necessary for social and economic development and the protection of the natural environment. The exercise of these powers is frequently contentious and problematic. The guide explains what compulsory acquisition and compensation are, and what constitutes good practice in this area, examining the consequences of poor legislation, procedures and implementation.

This report is based on the proceedings of the Technical Consultation on Gender, Property Rights and Livelihoods in the Era of AIDS, organized by FAO in November 2008. It takes stock of where FAO and its partners are in terms of addressing property rights insecurity and provides a proposed framework through which future action can take place.

In September 2008, the FAO-Dimitra project organised its third workshop with all its partners in Brussels, on the theme:“Information and communication strategies to fight gender inequality as regards land access and its consequences for rural populations in Africa”. This document presents a synthesis of the workshop’s activities as well as the different articles which were prepared for the workshop by the participants – the partners of the network and FAO colleagues.

أعد هذاالدليل للأشخاص الذين يعملون في مجال ادارة الأراضي وجميع المهتمين بالأراضي وحيازتها، وحكومتها. وبصرف النظر عن المطبوعات العديدة التي صدرت مؤكدة على أهمية الحاكمية الرشيدة في تحقيق الأهداف الانمائية، الا أن المواد المتعلقة بالحاكمية الرشيدة في حيازة الأراضي وادارتها لا تزال محدودة. وتترتب على الاخفاق في الحاكمية تبعات تؤثر تأثيرا معاكسا في المجتع كلهز

Исследования ФАО по вопросам землевладения представляют собой краткое изложение зачастую сложной и полемичной темы землевладения, особенно применительно к продовольственной обеспеченности, борьбе с нищетой и развитию сельских районов. Данные исследования не претендуют на исчерпывающий характер, а скорее отражают случаи "добросовестного руководства" в определенных сферах землевладения и управления земельными ресурсами, выявленные ФАО и ее многочисленными международными сотрудничающими партнерами.

The report answers the following questions:

1. Is perpetual fee simple ownership of real property permitted? If not, what are the principal forms of ownership, or other principal form of ownership, of real property?

2. What instruments are used to convey fee simple ownership, or other principal form of ownership, of real estate?

3. How in this jurisdiction is the ownership of real property recorded or searched? Who generally performs the search? 

This Law lays down the general interest principles regarding the acquisition, seizure, use, disposal, protection and termination of rights on property, including several deriving real estate/physical property rights, also in relation with state property (public land).