The objective of the present Act is to safeguard the public interest on the occasion of transfer of land or parts thereof to guarantee an even distribution of land throughout the national territory. The text consists of 38 articles divided into8 Parts as follows: General provisions and definition of terms (I); Subject to authorization (II); Conditions and requirements (III); Land transaction authorities (IV); Procedure (V); Civil liability (VI); Penalties (VII); Transitional and final provisions (VIII).

These Regulations are enacted according to the Equalization of Land Rights Act. The Regulations provide for content, procedure, inquiry, the scope of information provision, and collection of fees, etc. of general registers of landowners.

The present Law establishes that the form of contract regarding mortgage of the plots of land, sea and river vessels, registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, irrespectively of the place of conclusion of such contracts must be regulated by the Russian Federation. Article 41 deals with mortgage of the plots of land. It establishes that mortgage of the plots of land by the persons who have the right of ownership to them if it is not covered by Section 2 of the present law must be regulated by land and other legislation of the Russian Federation.

Le Code foncier et domanial est un document détaillé qui définit les lois fondamentales de la propriété privée et publique et d'autres droits réels, et la transmission de ces dits droits. Le droit de propriété est absolu de principe, et ne peut être limité que par des dispositions prévues par la loi (art. 2). La loi donne une liste des autres droits réels (art. 14). Parmi ceux-ci figure une convention de longue durée, de quinze à quatre-vingt-dix-neuf ans, susceptible d'hypothèque (art. 17 à 27).

The Supreme Soviet decrees as follows: 1). Law “On mortgage” is applicable to the relations originated after its enactment. As regards legal relations originated before the enactment of the aforesaid Law it is applicable to rights and duties originating after its enactment. 2). To enact Law “On mortgage” from the date of its official publication. Implements: Law No.2872-1 of 1992 “On mortgage”. (1992-05-29)

This Decree establishes that the forms of Certificate of landownership can be used provisionally, till the issues of the state legal form, as a document for lifelong ownership valid for inheritance and limitless (permanent) land lease. This Decree validates the forms of Certificate of landownership, Contract of tenancy for agricultural land, Contract of temporal leasehold of agricultural land. The forms of these documents are supplied in Annexes.

It is generally acknowledged that
insecure and incomplete property rights have large effects on
the use and management of watershed resources.
The standard policy response to this problem is
to privatize farm land, declare riverine areas
to be public property, and establish a set of
restrictions on the use of both private and pub
lic land. This paper presents a more nuanced
concept of catchment property rights, drawing
upon key concepts from watershed hydrology and
the multidisciplinary social science of property

The objective of land payment shall be to ensure through economic methods rational use of land, to form resources for carrying out measures of land organization, improvement of land quality and land conservation, as well as of social development of the territory. Issues related to establishment, the present Law, the Land Code, shall regulate collection and use of land payment and other legislative acts. Land payment shall be compulsory for all land owners, land users, including lessees, and land proprietors, except cases stipulated by the present Law and other legislative acts.

The Act regulates simplified procedure for proving unlawfulness of expropriation of property in Estonia. If a natural person having been the owner of property was forced to abandon his or her property during the period between 16 June 1940 and 1 January 1954 due to escaping from his or her place of residence or the location of property or in connection with refusing to return to Estonia while staying abroad, the property must be deemed to be abandoned due to a real danger of repression.

As in the past, the Unasylva issue immediately preceding the World Forestry Congress examines a number of the broad challenges facing forestry. In an interview, FAO Director General Edouard Saouma considers the world forestry situation and highlights the Organization's priorities for work in forestry over the coming decade. The cutting edge of FAO's forestry activities is exemplified in the assistance provided to member countries; M.K. Muthoo, Director of the FAO Forestry Operations Service, describes the recent evolution of the department's field programme. M.R.