The study was caried out in Peru in 2003 and 2004. The study aims to increase the chances of future success of forest rehabilitation efforts by identifying the strategies that best contribute to long-term sustainability with minimal negative effects on stakeholders. Specifically, the study derives strategic lessons from the past and ongoing initiatives. The study identifies and disseminate the most promising approaches and incentives for rehabilitation in different ecological and socio-economic situations.

Dry forests in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cover approximately 43% of the continent. They are inhabited by nearly 236 million people, many of these the poorest in the world. A majority of the population of these regions is dependent on traditional energy sources (i.e., firewood, charcoal and organic wastes), subsistence farming, generally free-ranging livestock, and products harvested from the dry forests. Growing pressure on dry forest resources to meet human and socioeconomic development needs mean that dry forests are increasingly being utilised unsustainably.

Permanent sample plots (PSP) are an important tool in monitoring forest dynamics and change. In Malinau Research Forest, East Kalimantan, 24 PSPs of 1 ha each were established and all trees with dbh = 20 cm were identified and their diameters were measured in 1998 prior to logging operations and were re-assessed in 2000 and 2004. Two logging systems were implemented during that period: reduced-impact logging (RIL) and conventional logging (CNV).