In the DFID White Paper, the government's commitment to addressing gender inequality highlights the frequent 'double disadvantage' of poor women. Poor women from minority groups, however, may experience additional discrimination. There is abundant evidence to show that many ethnic minorities and indigenous people are subject to economic, social and political disadvantage. The complex relationships between gender and ethnicity need to be addressed in order to understand the social processes leading to poverty of particular groups.

Details of numerous Sustainable Rural Livelihoods websites.

This section is divided into Key Documents, and References and Bibliographies for each of the following areas: General; Biodiversity and Environment; Land Tenure and Property Rights; Crops; Livestock; Fisheries; Forestry; and Water.

A bibliography of key texts, with, where possible, links to online versions of documents, plus a general bibliography of relevant resources.

A checklist for gender-sensitive analysis of land tenure and common property resource systems, with sections on: gender roles, needs, incentives and benefits; project planning; livelihoods context; facilitating participation; and measuring impact.

Gender issues in land tenure systems. Sections include: key issues; females' less visible roles; instances when women and girls may need special attention; examples of gender sensitive terms of reference; and mini case studies.

Contains details of relevant websites, an overview of gender issues in natural resources data collection and analysis, facts and figures on various areas (eg. Gender and Land, Female Headed Households), and key references.

The Optional Protocol entered into force in 2000.

Paper addresses the following concerns:rural women have limited access to and control of landmost agrarian reforms and legislation that directly or indirectly regulate access to land discriminate against womenthe establishment of legal frameworks with a gender perspective and the elimination of cultural and institutional factors that prevent the recognition of women as producers are essential to safeguard rural women’s access to land.Merely introducing principles of equality into constitutions and in certain norms is not sufficient.

Access to land is deeply important in rural India, where the incidence of poverty is highly correlated with lack of access to land. Mearns provides a framework for assessing alternative approaches to improving access to land by India's rural poor.

Why is it important to incorporate gender into the agriculture-related work of the World Bank and borrower countries, and how can this be achieved' Women are integral to farming systems, yet their productivity remains low compared to their potential. Gender-neutral programming which does not take into account the differences in the needs and constraints of men and women farmers can bypass and even be detrimental to women.