There is increasing recognition of the need to bring about changes across the full spectrum of agricultural practices to ensure that, in future, food production systems are more diverse, sustainable and resilient. In this context, the objectives of irrigation need to be much more ambitious, shifting away from simply maximizing crop yields to maximizing net benefits across a range of uses of irrigation water, including ecosystems and nature-based solutions.

The present report aims to provide a climate and vulnerability analysis of the Green Innovation Centres (GIC) target commodity value chains. Herein we identify climate change- related vulnerabilities, hazards, and opportunities for adaptation to the same. Ultimately, our goal is to foster awareness of risks and adaptation priorities in the selected value chains and inform climate investments and planning through the recommendations on priority innovations to manage climate risks.

Smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face multifaceted and co-existing risks, such as human and animal diseases and pests. Even though smallholder farmers often experience these challenges simultaneously, interventions to address these challenges are often implemented in a piecemeal fashion. However, managing agricultural production constraints without alleviating human and livestock health burdens might not generate significant and sustained benefits to achieve the desired development outcome (e.g., reducing hunger, malnutrition, and poverty).

The aim of this study is to investigate the ex-ante impact of the revision of the Multilateral System of Access and Benefit Sharing (MLS) of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture on CGIAR Centers, and to identify measures to respond to possible negative impacts on CGIAR Centers as recipients and providers of germplasm and associated information under the multilateral system. A process to revise the multilateral system of access and benefit sharing was launched in 2013 and continued until November 2019.

Growing evidence suggests that constraints to the availability and quality of tree seed can undermine the success of forest
and landscape restoration efforts and the delivery of associated benefits such as mitigating climate change and halting biodiversity loss.
Past experiences to promote tree seed supply have frequently shown limited outcomes over time, partly because of unexpected, deleterious

The training manual presents a step-by-step process of establishing a Climate-Smart Village (CSV), with each step being complemented with learning objectives, session guides, and educational support materials. Additional links were provided for each step to promote further learning for its users. Different forms of visuals such as photos, maps, and graphs make the publication easy to read and thus easy to understand. This is almost a one-stop-shop for implementers to acquire the information, capacity, and other prerequisites necessary for establishing a CSV.

Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while others pose substantial threats of causing such impacts. The challenge is to maximise the benefits of non-native trees, while minimising negative impacts and preserving future benefits and options.

Providing the first evidence-based global estimates of the many scientific, economic, policy, and capacity development impacts of livestock research in and for developing countries, this volume is an indispensable guide and reference for veterinarians, animal and forage scientists, and anyone working for the equitable and sustainable development of the world's poorer agricultural economies.