This booklet is intended to guide extension service advisors and institutions who work with small-scale farmers and foresters with an interest in Carbon inance and Carbon Projects. Its aim is to support setting-up carbon projects which involve small-scale farmers.

Their participation allows them to be involved in the development and implementation of

the project, influence the design of the project to generate positive impacts for the farmers

and increase their knowledge about carbon finance.

Land use projects are especially exposed to the insecurities regarding the future of international climate change regulations. Therefore, it is imperative that the long term structures of the climate change framework are settled as soon as possible, including the reconsideration of the existing crediting schemes as the appropriate remuneration approach for AFOLU projects in developing countries.

Land Tenure Working Paper 16 Governance of Land Tenure Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) looks at the land governance situation in the region. It has been prepared to provide a base for discussion for the regional consultation meetings on the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land and other Natural Resources. The objective of the study is to evaluate the current land governance situation in the region and to identify main achievements as well as remaining challenges.

Land administration and cadastral systems are playing a crucial global role in safeguarding the security of access to land and natural resources. Information technology systems have become basic elements of these systems everywhere. Introduction of automation to land administration has improved systems’ efficiency, standardisation and accessibility, which in turn have contributed to responsible land governance. Developing country land administrations are, however, often inefficient and poorly structured.

Given the recent trend of granting vast areas of African land to foreign investors, the urgency of placing real ownership in the hands of the people living and making their livelihood upon lands held according to custom cannot be overstated. This study provides guidance on how best to recognize and protect the land rights of the rural poor.

Voluntary guidelines are human-rights based documents that provide a framework

and reference point for national and international policies. They need to be derived

from international agreements and credible examples of good practice if they are to

command wide support. This paper is based on 56 authoritative international

documents from which 14 principles about land and natural resources tenure have

been derived.

This issue of Land Reform, Land Settlement and Cooperatives contains an interesting and

wide-ranging set of contributions providing insights into land related issues ranging from

Italy to the Central Andes, and from the historical development of sustainable tenure

practices to aspects of agriculture sector planning.

The eight articles featured open with that of Lavigne Delville, which addresses issues

relating to insecurity of tenure in West Africa, and identifies what the paths of change

This paper explores trends of good governance of tenure of land and other natural resources in Latin America. It analyzes mechanisms employed and identifies issues to be considered when aiming for a responsible governance of land tenure

Voluntary guidelines are human-rights based documents that provide a framework

and reference point for national and international policies. They need to be derived

from international agreements and credible examples of good practice if they are to

command wide support. This paper is based on 56 authoritative international

documents from which 14 principles about land and natural resources tenure have

been derived.

Land Tenure Working Paper 14: Growing land scarcity and concern about land-related conflicts and rising levels of rural impoverishment have brought land to the fore once more. The main difference with the recent past is the wide spectrum of actors who want to take part in the elaboration of the land policies, as well as the more and more recognized need to root the proposals in the particular context of each specific country.

One of the striking features of transition from plan to market in CIS agriculture is the

dramatic shift from the predominance of large corporate farms (kolkhozy and sovkhozy,

generally referred to as agricultural enterprises) to individual or family agriculture based on a

spectrum of small farms. The individual sector, combining the traditional household plots and

the new peasant farms that began to emerge after 1992, accounts for most of agricultural

production and controls a large share of arable land. This is a dramatic change from the pre-

Many countries of the Asia-Pacific region share long land borders across which many consignments of plants, plant products and other regulated articles pass through land border entry points. While long-distance trade in large consignments exists and uses the established regulatory systems, a large proportion of cross border trade concerns the local trade of large numbers of small consignments which require specific border region import regulatory systems. Dealing with the trade of small amounts of plant material is a major problem at many land border entry points.