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Displaying 911 - 915 of 1605Land use and hydroclimatic influences on Faecal Indicator Organisms in two large Scottish catchments: Towards land use-based models as screening tools
Faecal Coliform (FC) bacteria were used as Faecal Indicator Organisms (FIOs) for assessment of microbiological pollution risk in two large, mixed land use catchments in Scotland. FC counts varied spatially in relation to land use and human population and resulting trophic status. These were highest in catchments with a high cover of improved pasture (which was assumed to be a proxy for cattle and sheep grazing densities) and significant human populations. FC counts were lowest in oligotrophic upland areas, where domesticated animal populations were low.
Land use changes, landscape ecology and their socioeconomic driving forces in the Spanish Mediterranean coast (El Maresme County, 1850–2005)
A set of landscape metrics is used to study the long-term environmental transformation of a typical coastal Mediterranean area from 1850 to 2005. Our figures show a dramatic environmental deterioration between 1950 and 2005. The main proximate drivers of this landscape degradation are the effects of urban sprawl on former agricultural areas located in the coastal plains, together with the abandonment and reforestation of hilly slopes intercepted by low-density residential areas, highways, and other linear infrastructures.
Does watershed size affect simple mathematical relationships between flow velocity and discharge rate at watershed outlets on the Loess Plateau of China
An empirical power function model of V=kQᵐ has been used worldwide to describe the relationship between flow velocity (V, ms⁻¹) and discharge rate (Q, m³s⁻¹) for rill and open channel flows. However, it has seldom been applied to watershed outlet channels taking into account the impacts of watershed size. In this study, observed data from four experimental watersheds of different sizes, ranging from about 1 to 100km², were used to verify the stability of the power function model for use at a watershed level on the Loess Plateau.
free and open source programming library for landscape metrics calculations
Landscape metrics are used in a wide range of environmental studies such as land use change and land degradation studies, soil erosion and run-off predictions, management of hunting communities, and strategic planning for environmental management, to name just a few. Due to their utility for a variety of applications, there are many indices and software packages that have been designed to provide calculations and analysis of landscape structure patterns in categorical maps.
Prediction of flowing water pollution on the basis of landscape metrics as a tool supporting delimitation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
The poor water condition in agricultural watersheds in Poland provides evidence of a major impact of this sector on water quality, especially with regard to nutrients. What is specific about Polish agriculture, especially in the Wielkopolska region, is a large area of arable land and a high concentration of point sources. The outflow from these sources is very changeable and depends strongly on weather conditions, in particular precipitation. Therefore, it is very difficult to measure the runoff from those sources.