Carbon labelling is being adopted by
private firms as a mechanism for mitigating climate change.
Such schemes are likely to have a significant impact on
low-income country exports due to the need for
transportation and the small size of their exporters.
However, transport emissions may be offset by favorable
production conditions and size bias may be reduced. The
design and implementation of carbon labelling will need to

Climate change is a very serious
environmental challenge that affects prospects for
sustainable development. Since the Industrial Revolution,
the mean surface temperature of Earth has increased an
average of one degree Celsius per century mainly due to the
accumulation of greenhouse gases (CHGs) in the atmosphere.
Furthermore, most of this change has occurred in the past 30
to 40 years, and the rate of increase is accelerating. A

Reliable supplies of water for
agriculture have helped meet rapidly rising demand for food
in developing countries, making farms more profitable,
reducing poverty, and helping vast regions of the world
develop more dynamic and diversified economies. Can these
successes be sustained with demand for food rising and water
resources waning? That is the challenge now facing policy
makers, planners, and practitioners in agricultural water

This Note outlines a larger report
describing the changing context of demand and supply for
agricultural water. It identifies the policy, institutional,
and incentive reform options that will accelerate
improvements in productivity and pro-poor growth in this
sector. It articulates priorities for investment and
indicates options for adjusting the respective roles of the
public sector and other stakeholders. The report also sets

Reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and
other greenhouse gases that affect climate change is one of
the key challenges facing the international community. The
Bank's Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF) provides a framework
for action, learning, and research to demonstrate how
greenhouse gas emission reduction transactions can
contribute to sustainable development, while lowering the
costs of compliance with the Kyoto Protocol-the 1997

Largely due to the potential threats to
development, and human lives of well known climate changes,
the World Bank is getting involved in a range of activities
under the subject. The note focuses on climate changes in
Africa, and, although it is argued that greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from development projects in Africa should be paid
minor attention, - because GHG emissions from Africa are
negligible on a global scale; industrial countries should be

Policy makers and practitioners face significant governance challenges that must be addressed in order to achieve the successful long-term sequestration of carbon on forested lands.

The continued decline in global poverty
over the past 100 years particularly in the past three
decades is a remarkable achievement. In 1981, 52 percent of
the world population lived on less than $1.25 a day. By
2005, that rate had been cut in half, to 25.0 percent, and
by 2008 to 22.2 percent (World Bank 2012). Preliminary
estimates for 2010 indicate that the extreme poverty rate
has fallen further still; if follow-up studies confirm this,

This issue of Caravan describes the new program, and some of the research innovations it will build on. The issue begins with two ‘opinion pieces’ by scientists from partner organizations in the CRP. They share lessons learnt from past successes (and failures), and ideas that could be applied to dryland

"The main argument for community forestry, in the context of climate change, is that it responds to multiple interests.  Forests, and in particular community forestry, represent a bundle of assets and benefits. They serve as a safety net in times of hardship and support critical ecosystems required for well-being.  The cases point out that while the contributions of community forestry to mitigation are well-recognized, in the case of adaptation, community forestry is equally well placed to support adaptive capacity, but this is not automatic." - Regan Suzuki

El objetivo de este documento es presentar un diagnóstico sobre la situación de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) de América Latina y el Caribe.

As countries develop, the demand for
water increases while water supply becomes less certain and
is often not enough to meet demand. In general, pressures
from both environment and human activities can increase the
likelihood of water scarcity. Such pressures include
increased socio-economic development and population growth,
change in people's diets, competition for available
water among different user sectors and growing climate