This paper empirically explores the political-economic determinants of why governments choose to tax or subsidize trade in agriculture. The authors use a new data set on nominal rates of assistance (NRA) across a number of commodities spanning the last five decades for 64 countries. NRAs measure the effect on domestic (relative to world) price of the quantitative and price-based instruments used to regulate agricultural markets. The data set admits consideration of both taxes and subsidies on exports and imports.

Salinization and alkalization are considered spatiotemporal dynamic soil degradation processes. In order to investigate the effects of agricultural activities on land degradation and soil salinity, Shamsabad area in Qom province was selected. Aerial photos (1955) and satellite images (1990-2002) were used to examine the changes in land use. Soil samples were collected from 25 locations in the study area from 0-50 cm and 51-100 cm depth at each location. For comparative purposes, sampling locations in this study were similar to locations used for salinity study in 1983.

As market reforms to the Mongolian economy continue and the country enjoys rapid economic growth, the environment has entered a period of unprecedented pressure. Mining, infrastructure development and tourism development, in particular, are undergoing rapid expansion, and all pose risks to Mongolia's globally important biodiversity.

In the not so long history of humankind, our ancestors too often fought for land and water. Those days have returned.

En la no tan larga historia de la Humanidad, nuestros antepasados han luchado con demasiada frecuencia por la tierra y el agua. Aquellos tiempos están nuevamente de actualidad.

This is a brief for Policy Makers titled "From Land Degradation to Land Health"

C'est une adresse aux Décideurs "De la dégradation à la santé des sols"

Esto es un Compedio Para Responsables de Politicas "Revertir la degradación de la tierra"

THE VISION to forge a global partnership to reverse and prevent desertification/land degradation and to mitigate the effects of drought in affected areas in order to support poverty reduction and environmental sustainability

LA VISION mettre en place un partenariat mondial visant à enrayer et à prévenir la désertification et la dégradation des terres et à atténuer les effets de la sécheresse dans les zones touchées afin de concourir à la réduction de la pauvreté et au respect durable de l’environnement

LA META forjar una alianza mundial para revertir y prevenir la desertificación y la degradación de las tierras, y mitigar los efectos de la sequía en las zonas afectadas, a fin de apoyar la reducción de la pobreza y la sostenibilidad ambiental

THE VISION to forge a global partnership to reverse and prevent desertification/land degradation and to mitigate the effects of drought in affected areas in order to support poverty reduction and environmental sustainability