As global demand for livestock products (such as meat, milk, and eggs) is expected to double by 2050, necessary

increases to future production must be reconciled with negative environmental impacts that livestock cause. This

paper describes the LivestockPlus concept and demonstrates how the sowing of improved forages can lead to the

sustainable intensification of mixed crop–forage–livestock–tree systems in the tropics by producing multiple social,

economic, and environmental benefits. Sustainable intensification not only improves the productivity of tropical

Background: Cultivation is the most appropriate management option when both demand and harvesting of wild plant species increase beyond natural production levels. In the current study we made the assumption that, besides the intrinsic biological and ecological characteristics of the species, the decision to cultivate and/or to conserve an overharvested wild plant species is triggered by the socioeconomic factors such as land tenure and size, origin of respondents, gender, and users’ knowledge of the plant phenology.